ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA new chemiluminescence technique has been assessed for the detection of reactive oxygen species generated by purified populations of human sperm. This revised protocol involves the use of horse‐radish peroxidase (HRP) in combination with a luminol analogue, 7‐dimethyl aminornaphthalin‐1,2‐dicarbonic acid hydrazide (DNDH), that exhibits two‐three times the quantal efficiency of luminol itself. The chemiluminescent signal generated with these reagents was significantly (P<0.001) greater than that obtained with the conventional luminol‐based methodology for both the steady‐state situation and following stimulation of the sperm with PMA and A23187. Dose‐response analyses indicated that the DNDH/HRP chemi‐luminescence system could give linear standard curves with hydrogen peroxide concentrations into the nmol I‐1range. In contrast, the exponential rise in chemiluminescence recorded with luminol was not observed until hydrogen peroxide concentrations exceeded 10 umol I‐1. It is concluded that the enhanced sensitivity of the DNDH/HRP system to low levels of hydrogen peroxide should facilitate the application of chemiluminescent techniques to the diagnosis of oxidative stress in case

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA direct immunobead test (IBT) was performed on 233 men who attended an immunological centre. Thirty‐four (14.6%) of these men were found to be positive (>20% binding) for antisperm antibodies (ASA). IgA, IgG and IgM were the most common sperm‐associated immunoglobulins. In 50% of men with ASA astheno‐zoospermia, teratozoospermia, leukocytospermia or hypofunction of the seminal vesicles was observed.Semen parameters were altered most frequently when IgM was present in association with IgA and/or IgG. This suggests that there is an active inflammatory process in the reproductive tract, as evidenced by leukocytospermia, and this could be responsible for the abnormal semen parameters. ASA generation could be a consequence of this process rather than being the cause of the abnormal semen quality. If ASA do affect fertility, this could take place in the female reproductive

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study has assessed the effect of zinc on human sperm motility and the acrosome reactionin vitro.Progressively motile human sperm were selected by swim‐up and by glass bead columns and then incubated in a medium in which capacitation happened in an asynchronous way. Different doses of zinc (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM) were added for periods of 2, 4 or 6 h. Other samples were incubated with zinc (1000 μM), and after 1 h incubation, the zinc was removed. Aliquots of each culture were used to evaluate progressive motility and the acrosome reaction using a triple‐stain technique. Sperm motility was reduced when the amount of zinc added was ≥ 100 μM, and these doses also caused a significant reduction in the % of sperm undergoing the acrosome reaction. After removal of zinc and further incubation in zinc‐free medium for 1 h, an increase in the percentage of motile and acrosome‐reacted sperm was observed. However, the increase in acrosome reaction did not reach the values observed in controls. Results suggest that extracellular zinc acts as an inhibitor of human sperm motility and the acrosome reaction (and/or capacitation and the acrosome reaction). This inhibitory effect is reversible and occurs in a dose‐dependent fashion. The probable mechanisms involved

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExperimental left varicocele (ELV) in adult rats produces a bilateral increase in testicular blood‐flow and temperature which may alter the intraluminal environment in which sperm mature. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ELV on the in‐situ pH, PCO2, and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3]) in seminiferous tubules (ST), initial segment (IS), proximal caput (PCP), middle caput (MCP), middle corpus (MCR), and proximal cauda epididymidis (PCD) of the rat employing pH and PCO2, microelectrodes. Adult male rats with ELV or sham‐surgeries (control) were studied after 30 days. Relative to controls, ELV significantly reduced the in‐situ PCO2, in the testicular artery, ST, IS, PCP, MCP, MCR and PCD. In spite of this reduction, all values remained significantly higher than the systemic arterial blood PCO2. Values for in‐situ pH in ST, IS, PCP, MCP, MCR, and PCD of control rats were significantly more acidic than systemic arterial blood. Furthermore, ELV decreased the pH in ST, IS, PCP, and MCP when compared to control values. The calculated [HCO‐3] in ST from control animals was less than half that in systemic arterial blood and was reduced further in IS, PCP, and MCP. Varicocele did not change the [HCO‐3] in systemic arterial blood but reduced markedly the values in ST, IS, PCP, and MCP. These alterations in the in‐situ pH, PCO2, and [HCO‐3] in structures of the rat testis and epididymis may play a role in the anti‐sper

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of induced peripheral anosmia on gonadal development and maturation was investigated in sexually immature male rabbits. Furthermore, the effect of agents promoting gonadal maturation (LHRH, hMG or methyl testosterone) on testicular development was examined in anosmic rabbits. Peripheral anosmia was induced by spraying the olfactory mucosa with 5% ZnSO4solution; its effects were evaluated after a 45‐day period, corresponding to the duration of spermatogenesis. Evaluation was based on measurement of body‐weight, testicular size, testicular biopsy score count (TBSC) and a standard LHRH test (0 and 30 min) involving measurement of the blood levels of FSH, LH and testosterone before and at the end of the test. Markedly lower final and incremental values were noted in anosmic, compared to intact, animals for body‐weight (P>0.001), TBSC (P>0.001), FSH (P>0.01) and LH (P>0.05). On the other hand, treatment of the anosmic rabbits with 0.9% saline, resulted in lower FSH, TBSC and testicular size increments than in rabbits treated with LHRH, hMG or testosterone, while testosterone levels and body‐weight increments were similar in all groups. These findings indicate that induced peripheral anosmia is probably responsible for the inadequate gonadal maturation in prepubertal anosmic male rabbits. This relationship was confirmed by the observed stimulatory effect of administration of agents activating pituitary gonadotrophin secretion or gonadal function in anosmic

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA time‐course alteration in the blood levels of gonadotrophin was evaluated in male rats aged 49 days after: (a) removal of the seminal vesicles, (b) bilateral orchidectomy, or (c) bilateral orchidectomy together with removal of the seminal vesicles. Age‐matched sham‐operated animals served as controls. Removal of the seminal vesicles resulted in elevation in the blood levels of LH, FSH and prolactin compared to controls. As expected, bilateral orchidectomy also resulted in the elevation of serum gonadotrophins. In the absence of both the seminal vesicles and the testes, LH and FSH levels were increased further compared to orchidectomy alone. Thus the present study suggests the presence of a feedback mechanism between the seminal vesicles and pituitary which is more pronounced in the absence of the t

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have developed an isolation and cultivation protocol for testicular macrophages from the seasonally breeding Siberian hamster,Phodopus sungoruswhich allows serum‐free culture. Macrophages were isolated from the active testes of adultPhodopuskept in long photoperiod (LD,18hL:6hD), and from the inactive testes of animals with gonadal regression induced by exposure to a short photoperiod (SD, 6hL;18hD; for 10 weeks). The isolated cells were identified as macrophages by (a) electron microscopy, (b) non‐specific phagocytosis, and (c) the presence of Fc‐receptors. Treatment of the cultures with oFSH (at 0.5 and 1 μgml‐1for 1 and 4 days) significantly stimulated lactate secretion by testicular macrophages from LD hamsters, as expected from studies in the rat. In marked contrast, oFSH did not affect lactate secretion by testicular macrophages from SD hamsters, or by peritoneal macrophages. To test possible macrophage‐Leydig cell interactions, the influence of testicular macrophage‐conditioned medium (TM‐CM) from FSH‐responsive LD macrophage cultures was assessed and compared with the effect of peritoneal macrophage‐conditioned medium (PM‐CM) on testosterone production by testicular parenchyma from LD hamsters. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to previous reports in rats, testosterone production by testes was inhibited significantly by TM‐CM from cultures pretreated with either 0.1 or 0.5 μg FSH ml‐1. FSH alone stimulated testosterone production (due either to LH contamination or to possible paracrine effects). PM‐CM from cultures pretreated with FSH did have an inhibitory effect. It is concluded that:(i) There is indirect evidence for the presence of functional FSH receptors on macrophages from the active testes ofPhodopus.(ii) Testicular macrophages from inactive testes ofPhodopusare not responsive to FSH, implicating impaired macrophage function in the regressed testes ofPhodopusexposed to SD.(iii) Testicular macrophages produce a factor which can inhibit testosterone production by

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY