ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA single oral dose (300 mg kg‐1) of ketoconazole induced reversible immobilization of rat epididymal spermatozoa at 8–24 h after dosing. This occurred when the drug concentrations in cauda epididymal fluid and seminal plasma were at their peak (18.0 ± 7.3 and 13.5 ± 3.0 μg ml‐1, respectively), and which was preceded by a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 64.82 ± 2.47 μg ml‐1at 5.15 ± 0.68 h (Tmax). In contrast, rete testis fluid collected from the same animals contained only minute amounts of ketoconazole (0.47 ± 0.34 pig ml‐1). Plasma testosterone concentration showed a sharp decline within 4 h of dosing, followed by a recovery from suppression, even after administration of a low dose (100 mg kg‐1) which did not affect sperm motility. These findings suggest that ketoconazole gains access to the post‐testicular sex organs and affects the mature spermatozoa therein much more readily than it affects testicular spermatogenesis. Synthesis and screening of compounds with a related molecular structure but which exhibit more pronounced spermicidal and less pronounced anti‐androgenic effects are thus suggested in the hope that rapidly acting and reversible male contraceptives might be id

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of testosterone supplementation on testicular blood flow, testicular vasomotion, the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN's) in testicular blood vessels and prostatic blood flow were studied in rats in which the Leydig cell had been destroyed specifically by a single injection of ethane dimethylsulfonate (EDS). Other rats were supplemented with testosterone by subcutaneous injection of 25 mg testosterone propionate on days 1, 3 and 6. In some experiments, the effect of a single injection of 25 or 125 mg testosterone was studied. Testicular and prostatic blood flow and the number of PMN's in testicular blood vessels decreased, and vasomotion disappeared in Leydig cell‐depleted rats, but testosterone supplementation restored all parameters to normal values. Moreover, a single injection of testosterone was able to restore testicular and prostatic blood flow to normal levels but had an inconsistent effect on vasomotion. These results suggest that testosterone may play a role in the physiological control of the testicular microcirculatio

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPhospholipase A2(PLA2) was purified from bovine prostate by ammonium sulphate precipitation and fractionation by anion exchange chromatography, chroma‐tofocusing and gel filtration. The purified enzyme was Ca2+‐dependent and had a pH‐optimum of 8.0. Ba2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Sr2+and Zn2+as well as lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine andp‐bromophenacyl bromide (p‐BPB) inhibited the enzyme strongly. The enzyme had an estimated molecular weight of 12000 ± 1000 daltons on SDS‐PAGE. Isoelectric focusing showed one PLA2activity‐containing band at pl 5.3. The purified enzyme hydrolysed linoleic acid at the sn‐2 position of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine with high selectivity, compared to

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDNA flow cytometry of sperm from 100 randomly chosen men undergoing fertility investigation revealed a general association between reduced sperm quality, as judged by conventional parameters, and the appearance of sperm with lower degrees of chromatin condensation in the ejaculate as measured by DNA fluorescence intensity. Chromatin hypocondensation, as measured by increased fluorescence, was manifested to different degrees in different samples. In many cases of more extreme sperm pathology, such as oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), the whole population of spermatozoa appeared to be affected. Significant numbers of hypercondensed spermatozoa were present in both normozoospermic men and men with different degrees of disturbance in sperm quality. All of the different parameters of sperm quality could be correlated significantly with certain of the flow parameters, although not one in particular could be used to predict deviations from the normal flow profile. In several asthenoteratozoospermic men and a small proportion of men with OAT, the DNA profiles were normal, implying that in these cases the disturbance may not be so fundamental. The presence of leucocytes in the ejaculate was associated with a general increase in the preponderance of hypocondensed subpopulations of spermatozoa in men with OAT as well as in normozoospermic subjects, emphasizing the effect of inflammatory conditions in the reproductive tract on sperm quality.

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo investigate the fertility of men who remain oligozoospermic despite sex steroid suppression, the in‐vitro fertilizing capacity of residual spermatozoa was assessed in 30 men receiving intramuscular testosterone enanthate (TE). Spermatozoa were prepared by either Percoll or repetitive centrifugation/washing. Although the mean (± SEM) pretreatment zona‐free hamster oocyte penetration (HOP) rates were similar (59.4 ± 10.1 and 63.8 ± 10.8%), following the induction of oligozoospermia the Percoll‐prepared spermatozoa exhibited a penetration rate (26.9 ± 10.2%) which was markedly greater than that obtained for sperm prepared by repetitive washing (0 ± 0%). In addition, the partners of two men exhibiting a HOP test with Percoll‐prepared spermatozoa, conceived despite a sperm concentration of 3 × 106ml‐1and a negative HOP test with spermatozoa prepared by repetitive washing. These results suggest that Percoll preparation optimizes the assessment of in‐vitro sperm function and that the fertility of men with TE‐induced severe oligozoospermia is suppresse

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing an antiserum directed against the human and rat androgen receptor we have used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that nuclear androgen receptors are present in the muscular layer of almost all arteries within the rat testis. These receptors are apparently influenced by testosterone. They disappear after Leydig cell depletion induced by ethanedimethane sulphonate (EDS) and return after testosterone treatment. It is suggested that testicular blood vessels could be a target‐organ for androgens and may mediate some of the effects of androgens on the testicular microcirculatio

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe secretory activity of seminal vesicles (SV) in the castrated hamster was studied by stereological analysis and biochemical approaches following treatment with cyproterone acetate (CPA) and adrenalectomy in order to investigate whether extra‐testicular androgens are responsible for castration‐resistant protein secretion.Treatment of castrated animals with CPA decreased the size of secretory granules and increased the number of apical granules, though neither the absolute nor the relative volume of all the components analysed was changed. In addition, CPA‐treatment increased the amount of protein exocytosed by SV in castrated animals, though total protein synthesis remained unchanged. Adrenalectomy neither suppressed secretion nor induced any further ultrastructural changes in the SV epithelium.Our results demonstrate that secretory activity of the hamster SV following castration is not controlled by extra‐testicular androgens and suggest that SV secretory proteins, which are heterogeneous with regard to their sensitivity to androgen withdrawal, might be regulated diferentially by an

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe localization of calmodulin in the normal human testis was studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Three different types of fixative were used: phosphate‐buffered formalin, Bouin's solution or Carnoy's solution. Immunoreac‐tivity specific for calmodulin was not detectable in the testis fixed in Carnoy's solution. The specimens fixed in phosphate‐buffered formalin and in Bouin's solution were stained. The immunostaining for calmodulin was observed in pachytene spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and round spermatids but not in spermatogonia, or in pre‐leptotene, leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes, elongated spermatids, spermatozoa or Leydig cells. Sertoli cells were not stained or were stained slightly. Among pachytene spermatocytes, the cells at the early stage were barely stained but those at the middle and late stages were slightly and intensely stained, respectively. The present report provides the first confirmation of the localization of calmodulin in the human

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY