ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySelecting a population of spermatozoa by the swim‐up technique yields, after freezing and thawing, a population of cells that contains proportionally more spermatozoa which are morphologically normal, fewer spermatozoa with damaged tail membranes, and a greater percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa with greater velocities and amplitudes of head displacement than those obtained after freezing and thawing the same semen samples in the normal way. This pattern was found for the semen from 10 patients and five volunteers. However, the cells selected by swim‐up were as susceptible to the stresses caused by freezing and thawing as unselected spermatozoa in the original semen sample, and the improvement came from the better quality of the initial sam

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUnfertilized oocytes from an in‐vitro fertilization programme were stored in different saline solutions and then utilized in a zona binding assay (ZBA). The four saline solutions tested were identical with regard to the capacity of the zona to bind sperniatozoa provided by healthy donors. Spermatozoa from 150 infertile patients were tested in the ZBA. The number of spermatozoa bound to the zona correlated positively with sperm concentration, the percentage sperm motility and the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa. The population was then divided into two groups according to the level of α‐glucosidase activity, an epididymal marker. The average number of spermatozoa bound to the zona was diminished in the group with low α‐glucosidase activity, even when considering strictly equivalent classes of sperm concentration, motility and morphology, respe

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHuman semen contains not only spermatozoa but also other cells routinely differentiated as being peroxidase‐positive (e.g. leucocytes) and peroxidase‐negative (eg. immature germ cells and lymphocytes) cells. Considerable uncertainty exists about their role in male fertility. To assess the clinical value of both parameters, and of microorganisms in semen, 391 treatments with in‐vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were analysed retrospectively, and the concentrations of both peroxidase‐positive and ‐negative cells, together with the presence of microorganisms in semen, were compared with both the fertilization and pregnancy rates. The data indicate that the results of treatment were affected only by excessively elevated concentrations of peroxidase‐positive cells (>6×106/ml) and only marginally by the presence of microorganisms in the semen. The pregnancy rate after in‐vitro fertilization and embryo transfer was not improved by antibiotic treatments preceding gamete recovery by several weeks. The increased presence of peroxidase‐negative cells (e.g. germ cells) in semen was not associated with a significant change in the pregnancy rate. However, the concentration of peroxidase‐negative cells in semen correlated significantly with sperm numbers (p<0.01), sperm concentration (p<0.01), and normal morphology rates (p<0.01). It is concluded that short‐term antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic patients before assisted reproduction should be handled with caution. The widespread view that peroxidase‐negative cells in semen a

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe prognostic significance of seminal sperm antibodies for male fertility is difficult to define. Among other factors, spontaneous remissions and transient induction through genito‐urinary infections may change their significance for male fertility considerably. We therefore investigated their spontaneous course over time and their association with leucocytospermia. For the investigation of possible relationships between the mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test results for IgA and IgG sperm antibodies and leucocytospermia, 138 patients with<1 million leucocytes/ml ejaculate were compared with 1051 patients with<1 million leucocytes/ml ejaculate (WHO normal range). In a second part of the study the spontaneous course of MAR IgG and IgA test results was investigated in 58 of the 1189 patients who had three or more MAR tests and a leucocyte concentration of40% showed a stable spontaneous course. Patients with lower MAR IgG test results and the majority of all MAR IgA‐positive patients were found to have an undulating course of MAR test results. There was a higher incidence of leucocytes<1 million/ml ejaculate in patients with higher MAR results (p<0.05 for IgG,p<0.001 for IgA). The unstable spontaneous course of MAR IgG results<40% and all MAR IgA results suggests that evaluations of the in‐vivo significance of seminal sperm antibodies for male fertility should be based on repeated MAR determinations. Moreover, the association of leucocytospermia (<1 million leucocytes/ml ejaculate) with an increased incidence of positive MAR test results suggests a thorough evaluation, treatment and follow‐up of possible genital tract infections in MAR‐positive patients with<1 million leucocytes/m

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study evaluated how many patients with azoospermia might have fertility potential using assisted conception techniques. A total of 102 male patients with aioospermia were included in the study. Thirteen patients had sex chromosomal abnormalities. Testicular biopsy performed in the other 89 patients showed incomplete spermatogenesis in 47 of them whereas 42 had complete spermatogenesis. In the latter 42 patients, distal vasography demonstrated bilateral obstruction of the excurrent ducts in 14 patients whereas no distal obstruction of the ducts was found in 28. The 89 patients were divided into three groups according to the findings of testicular biopsy and distal vasography. In the 14 patients with both complete spermatogenesis and distal obstruction of the excurrent ducts, surgical procedures are applicable. The pathogenesis of the 28 patients with complete spermatogenesis but without distal obstruction of the ducts should be clarified for further treatment.

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe stimulatory effect of prolactin on sexual accessory glands is well established, though the mechanism of trophic action remains poorly understood. We have therefore assessed the effect of high levels of prolactin on ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in seminal vesicles (SV) of adult rats. Hyperprolactinaemia was induced by implantation of tissue fragments of a prolactin‐secreting tumour 7315a, and the rats killed at 35 days post‐inoculation. Serum levels of prolactin were increased significantly (p<0.001) in tumour‐bearing rats. Levels of testosterone in serum were reduced markedly, whereas LH levels remained unchanged. SV weight in the experimental group was not significantly different from that in the corresponding control group. A clear increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity of SV was observed (p<0.001) in the hyperprolactinaemic rats. However, there was no change in the polyamine content of SV in tumour‐bearing rats, compared to the control group. These results indicate that ornithine decarboxylase activity in SV of adult rats is regulated mainly by prolactin. This experimental model may be useful for identification of some of the events involved in the trophic action of pr

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeveral recent articles have reported localization of specific mRNAs in the rat testis to stage IX and X seminiferous tubules using in‐situ hybridization. In all cases the expression was located basally in the tubules and appeared as discrete round clusters of grains close to the lamina propria. The localization was interpreted as being in Sertoli cells or leptotene spermatocytes. In this study we demonstrate that this pattern is most probably due to artefactual binding of probes to the residual body (RB).In the present study testicular tissue, perfusion‐fixed with Bouin's and embedded in paraffin, was used, as this resulted in excellent morphological preservation such that RBs within tubules at stages VIII—X were clearly distinguishable. RNA content of the FU3s was demonstrated at stages VIII—X using methyl green pyronin staining, and could be eliminated by pretreatment with RNAse or trichloroacetic acid. Localization of mRNAs for 11 seminiferous tubule proteins was assessed using35S‐labelled and digoxigenin‐labelled riboprobes (activin receptor‐11, α‐inhibin, transferrin, androgen‐binding protein (ABP), cyclic protein‐2 (CP‐2), CREM, sulphated glycoproteins 1 and 2 (SGP‐1 and SGP‐2), transition protein 2 (TP‐2) and cystatin‐C), and digoxigenin‐labelled oligonucleotide probes (transition protein‐1 (TP‐l), TP‐2 and protamine‐1). All of these probes showed localization to the correct cell type(s) within the seminiferous epithelium. In addition, six antisense riboprobes (activin receptor‐II, CREM, SGP‐2, CP‐2, cystatin C and α‐inhibin) showed hybridization to basally located residual bodies in tubules at stages IX—X on one or more occasions, whereas residual bodies around the edge of the lumen (stage VIII) or in transit through the seminiferous epithelium showed no hybridization; sense probes showed no localization to residual bodies.A common feature of the probes which localized to the basal RBs was that they had been prepared using cDNA cloned into Bluescript SK— vector such that the antisense strand was generated from the T7 polymerase promotor. A cRNA prepared using T7 polymerase and Bluescript vector alone and a GC‐rich 27mer oligonucleotide corresponding to the region of the multiple cloning site of Bluescript adjacent to the T7 site both localized uniquely to basal RB.It is concluded that the hybridization seen within RBs is probably a subtle artefact unique to RBs undergoing dissolution following fusion with Sertoli cell lysosomes, and may reflec

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMagnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy of the cryptorchid rat testis was used to test whether changes in the MR spectra of the rat testis might be a more sensitive indicator of changes in the metabolic status of germ cells in the testis rather than simply the cell types present. Testes of adult Wistar rats before and during 42 days of experimental cryptorchidism were investigated by in‐vivo31P MR spectroscopy. Results were compared to MR studies of the synchronized developing testis. The testicular phospho‐monoester/ATP (PM/ATP) ratio was dependent only on the cell types present, and showed the same characteristics for each cell type present in the degenerating testis as in the developing testis. The testicular phosphodiester/ATP (PD/ATP) ratio decreased rapidly when the number of round and elongated spermatids was reduced. Similar effects, although less pronounced, were seen in the developing testis. The pH decreased rapidly after cryptorchidism, and was related inversely to the PM/ATP ratio, which was also observed in the developing testis. This study demonstrates that MR spectroscopy monitors the cell types present in the rat testis rather than its metabolic sta

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY