ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of chronic alcoholism on various seminal parameters (sperm concentration, rate of forward motility, percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, lipid profiles of seminal plasma and spermatozoa) was studied together with the serum levels of testosterone and oestradiol. In chronic alcoholics there was a marked reduction in sperm concentration and in the rate of their forward motility, and increase in the number of spermatozoa with morphological abnormalities when compared to age‐matched normal fertile subjects. Serum levels of testosterone were decreased while oestradiol levels were increased in chronic alcoholic men. Studies of lipid profiles showed a marked decrease in the total phospholipid concentration in spermatozoa, primarily in sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline and ethanolamine fractions. The cholesterol phospholipids ratio in spermatozoa was increased in alcoholics. In the seminal plasma of chronic alcoholics, there was a decrease in total lipid, in glyceride glycerol and in free and esterified cholesterol. Of the phospholipid classes, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine showed a significant reduction. In general, the present study provides evidence for the adverse effects of chronic alcoholism on serum hormones, sperm count, morphology, motility and seminal lipid profiles. These may be responsible for the fertility disorders common in chronic alcoholic

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryReactive oxygen species (ROS) can be detected in the semen of 40% of infertile men, whereas none is detected in semen from normal men. The ROS detected in semen are a reflection of the imbalance between ROS production and degradation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a lowered scavenging capacity or an increased production of ROS was responsible for the ROS detected in semen samples from infertile men. Two activities were investigated: (1) catalase‐like activity, which is responsible for the degradation of H2O2, and (2) superoxide dismutase‐like (SOD‐like) activity which is responsible for the degradation of O2‐‐. Catalase‐like and SOD‐like activities were found in whole seminal plasma, in dialyzed seminal plasma (>12 kD), in an ultrafiltrate of seminal plasma (<5 kD) and in spermatozoa. There was no significant difference in the SOD‐like activities measured in spermatozoa, or in seminal plasma (whole or fractionated) from samples that did or did not produce ROS. SOD‐like activity originated mostly from the high molecular weight components of seminal plasma. However, the catalase‐like activity of whole seminal plasma and of spermatozoa was significantly greater (P =0.01) in those samples that produced ROS as compared to those that did not. The catalase‐like activity in dialyzed seminal plasma, and an ultrafiltrate of seminal plasma from semen samples that did or did not produce ROS were not statistically different. The catalase‐like activity of the seminal plasma originated equally from high and low molecular weight components. In conclusion, the data suggest that the ROS detected in the semen of infertile patients are likely due to increased ROS production rather than to decreased

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe level of seminal leucocytes and the prevalence of leucocytospermia was determined in a group of fertile and infertile southern Chinese men in Hong Kong. Sixteen normal fertile semen donors and 49 men with male factor infertility were studied prospectively. None had antisperm antibodies and past or present evidence of genital tract infection. Seminal leucocytes and their subsets were analysed using monoclonal antibodies and an immunocytochemical alkaline phosphatase‐anti‐alkaline phosphatase conjugate technique. Seminal leucocytes were detectable in 94% and 86% of the fertile and infertile men respectively, with the predominant subset being granulocytes. Leucocytospermia (>1 × 106leucocytes/ml) was found in only one of the 49 (2%) infertile men without clinical evidence of genito‐urinary infection. Inverse correlations were observed between (1) the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology and the number of T‐helper/inducer cells, (2) the linearity of sperm movement and the number of T‐lymphocytes. In conclusion, the level of seminal leucocytes and the prevalence of leucocytospermia is low in infertile Chinese subjects. The effect of seminal leucocytes on sperm function in these subjects needs further

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryScrotal temperature was monitored using a portable data recorder for periods of 24 h in six normal volunteers and 48 infertile patients with unilateral varicocele while subjects pursued their regular daily activities. Temperatures during sleep (Ts) were generally higher than daytime values (TD), probably as a consequence of thermal insulation in bed. These diurnal variations were found to be less pronounced in the infertile patients than in volunteers (Ts‐ TD= 0.29°C ± 0.06°C us 0.88°C ± 0.12°C;P0.05). The data support the view that varicocele‐related damage to the testis results from a lack of adequate cooling, and that treatment does not normalize the temper

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMature spermatozoa contain a number of proteases that are supposed to contribute to their fertilizing ability. The present study was directed at plasminogen activator (PA), a protease that belongs to the group of serine proteases and converts the zymogen plasminogen to the active broad‐spectrum protease plasmin. To investigate the possible role of PA in the fertilization process, we have measured sperm‐bound PA activity in 63 patients included in an in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) programme and assessed their relationship to standard semen parameters and the rate of fertilization. PA activity was correlated significantly with the sperm count, as well as with sperm motility and morphology. Using logistic regression analysis, specific PA (pmol pNA 10‐‐6cells minP2) was found to significantly influence the probability of fertilization. Other significantly predictive factors were motility and the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. The sperm concentration (106cells ml‐1) did not significantly affect the outcome of IVF. We suggest that sperm‐bound PA is involved in the fertilization process and may represent a potential indicator of sperm fertili

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTesting for antisperm antibodies (ASAs) is an important part of the work‐up of the sub‐fertile couple, yet there is little consensus regarding the most appropriate methods. The Spermcheck assay (GSC; Bio‐Rad Laboratories Inc., Diagnostics Division, Hercules, CA, U.S.A.) is supplied with wash buffer, controls and bead reagent which detects all three major classes of ASAs (IgA, IgG and IgM) in a single test. This study compared results on a bank of samples using the tray agglutination test (TAT), immunobead test (IBT), GSC and a modified Spermcheck assay to detect a single isotype in each test (SISC). The IBT and SISC showed excellent correlation, with 127/141 (90.1%) tests agreeing. There was an apparent lack of sensitivity to IgM with GSC as 8/15 (53.3%) samples testing positive with IBT and 7/15 (46.7%) testing positive with SISC were negative with GSC. Of the 24 IBT‐negatives, seven (29.2%) were positive for TAT, indicating a high incidence of non‐immunological agglutination, though this decreased as the TAT titre increased. The proportion of samples testing positive for IBT increased with TAT titre: 3/20 (15.0%) for TAT‐negative samples, 6/10 (60.0%) for low titres and 21/24 (87.5%) for high titres. This was also observed when comparing the GSC with TAT. The TAT therefore appears useful as a first‐line screen, whilst the inability of the GSC to adequately detect IgM limits its use as an indirect test. Both the IBT and SISC can be used to further investigate the type and class o

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe localization of calmodulin in testes of patients with idiopathic male infertility was studied using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Specimens were obtained by testicular biopsy from 55 patients. They were divided into 26 cases of hypospermatogenesis, 11 cases of maturation arrest (8 of primary spermatocyte arrest and 3 of spermatid arrest) and 18 cases of Sertoli cell‐only syndrome. Regardless of the type of testicular pathology, the types of immuno‐reactive cell and the intensities of staining were the same as those in the normal testis. That is, staining for calmodulin was first found to be positive in early pachytene primary spermatocytes. It became intense in late pachytene primary spermatocytes and round spermatids. By contrast, elongated spermatids and spermatozoa were not stained. Sertoli cells were stained slightly or not at all. A calmodulin‐staining index (CaM‐S index) was defined as the proportion of primary spermatocytes that were stained intensely for calmodulin relative to the total number of primary spermatocytes. The indices for the testes of men with complete spermatocyte maturation arrest were significantly lower than those for the testes of normal controls and of men with hypospermatogenesis.Degenerating late pachytene spermatocytes observed in the testes of men with spermatocyte arrest showed low calmodulin‐specific immunoreactivity. Such a decrease in numbers of normal late pachytene spermatocytes might be responsible for the low CaM‐S index in cases of complete spermato

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySelective deprivation of gonadotrophins in prepubertal rats by administration of a GnRH antagonist (Ac‐D2Nal1, D4ClPhe2, DTrp3, DArg6, DA1a10‐GnRH; GnRH code: 103–289–10, National Institutes of Health, USA) for 3 weeks, initiated at 20–22 days of age, induced morphological changes in the Leydig cells, including thickening and indentation of the nuclear margin, pyknosis and elongation of the nuclei. Mean nuclear diameter was reduced to 22% of that in the controls. Under the electron microscope the cells exhibited reduced volume of the nucleus and cytoplasm and the plasma membrane was irregular. This abnormal appearance of the Leydig cells improved marginally in 20–30% of the Leydig cells and their mean nuclear diameter increased to 39% of the control level after FSH supplementation (20 μg ovine FSH/day). Normal morphological integrity of the Leydig cells consisting of round or oval nuclei, a smooth nuclear and cellular margin and the original mean nuclear diameter was restored completely when testosterone (30 μg/day) was administered to GnRH antagonist‐treated rats, with or without simultaneous administration of FSH; in these rats testosterone levels in blood were also restored to normal. These findings indicate that testosterone may be important for the maintenance of normal Leydig cell morpho

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY