摘要:

SummaryUltrasonography of the scrotum is a valid and safe method for differentiating testicular and extratesticular disease. In the present study the accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasonographic estimation of testicular volume was evaluated. A high correlation (r= 0.992) between actual testicular volume (measured by weighing and water displacement) and the volume determined by ultrasonography was found on examination of 14 testes from patients at autopsy without any systematic under‐ or over‐estimation. The ultrasound method proved to be highly reproducible with a coefficient of variation of 7.0 ± 0.7%. Using different ultrasound scanners did not significantly influence the results obtained. The comparison of Prader orchidometer measurements, performed by four different clinical investigators, and ultrasonography in 256 patients revealed a significant correlation of 0.91, but the degree of correlation was dependent on the investigator's clinical experience. Volume estimates by comparative palpation appear to be valuable in most clinical settings. Ultrasonography provides an excellent tool for determining testicular volume when objective, accurate and reproducible measurements of testicular volume are requ

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a previous study, compensatory dysfunction of the Leydig cell was identified in men in whom spermatogenesis had failed to recover after gossypol treatment. In this study, LHRH‐ (100 μg i.v.) and hCG (3000 IU i.m.)‐stimulation tests were conducted in four controls and in 45 men who had used crude cotton seed oil as their cooking oil. The patients were divided into two groups: group A‐17 men with normospermia or oligospermia and group B‐28 men who were azoospermic. The basal serum LH and FSH concentrations were within the normal range in group A, whereas those in group B were increased markedly. There was no significant difference in testosterone levels between the two groups, although the levels were significantly lower than in the controls. The response of LH and FSH to LHRH, and of testosterone to hCG stimulation, were within the normal range in group A, whereas in group B the response to the LHRH test was increased significantly while their response to the hCG test was reduced markedly. It was concluded that the functions of the pituitary and Leydig cells remained unchanged in group A after long‐term use of crude cotton seed oil, and that once azoospermia has occurred, it is followed by total testicular failure as indicated by the responses to LHRH and

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn each of 135 ejaculates from 46 healthy men, semen volume, various sperm parameters and the level of prostaglandins (PGs) were determined. Data were analysed to determine the within‐ and between‐subject variability, the effect of abstinence period and the correlation between different parameters. Data which did not reveal a Gaussian distribution were transformed logarithmically. For all variables the between‐subject variance exceeded the variation within subjects (P<0.001). Variation in time of abstinence between 1 and 3 days influenced semen volume and sperm content as well as the content of 19‐hydroxylated PGs, but did not affect sperm motility or the concentration of PGE or PGF. A significant negative correlation was found between the seminal content of PGE and PGF and the total sperm count as well as the sperm concentration. Sperm motility was related to the balance between the content of 19‐hydroxy PGE and 19‐hydroxy PGF but not to their separate concentrations. The ratio between 19‐hydroxy PGE and 19‐hydroxy PGF did not change when the time of abstinence differed. Synthesis of the two 19‐hydroxylated PGs seemed to be regulated by the same mechanism, but their hydroxylation capacity still varied considerably be

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOur experience in Manchester using laparoscopy in children with impalpable testes is detailed. Eighty‐seven testes were investigated in 77 patients. Of these, 36% had no testes, although in 28% evidence of a vas was found. In those testes which were found, surgery was performed, either orchidopexy or, if positioned high, microsurgery. Orchidectomy was rarely carried out (5 testes only

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDue to the absence of clinical symptoms, silent genital tract inflammation can be diagnosed only by laboratory tests. In this study we have evaluated seminal plasma elastase levels, using an immunoabsorbent assay, in a group of 84 infertile men. Seminal plasma levels of elastase were correlated with the number of white blood cells in the ejaculate, the number of peroxidase‐positive leucocytes and with sperm culture. A high number of leucocytes (>10) and a significantly higher number of men with peroxidase‐stained leucocytes exceeding 106/ml was found in a group of men with elastase levels>250 ng/ml. There was a significant correlation between sperm culture results and elastase levels, most men with negative sperm culture having a lower seminal plasma elastase level. Following the treatment with antibiotics of men with an elevated elastase level, sperm parameters improved in 67% of those in whom elastase levels were lowered after treatment. In those men with persisting elevated levels of elastase improvement of sperm parameters was found in only 10%. It is concluded that an elevated level of elastase is a sensitive indicator of asymptomatic genital tract infection and that a single determination gives a reliable criterion and relatively exact quantification of infect

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIncompetence of the testicular vein appears to be the basic pathology of testicula dysfunction in varicocele. Doppler recording is a very sensitive method for detecting this reflux even when varicocele is not evident clinically. One hundred and seventy‐eight men with infertility were studied. The presence of reflux in the pampiniform plexus as demonstrated by Doppler recording was compared with clinical varicocele. Reflux patterns were recorded on graph paper and various grades of reflux were observed. The three grades of reflux identified varied between a momentary reflux during vigorous Valsalva manœuvre to significant reflux on minimal increase in intra‐abdominal pressure brought about by normal respiration and deep breathing. Ninety‐four per cent of the patients with clinical signs C varicocele had refluxes of grade 2 and 3 on Doppler study. Forty per cent of the patients without clinical evidence of varicocele were found to have reflux of grade and 2 in the testicular

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of germ cells (>80% mid‐ and late‐pachytene spermatocytes) on the secretion of androgen binding protein (ABP) and transferrin by monolayer cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from rats aged 10, 18 or 26 days. There was an age‐dependent increase in secretion of ABP and transferrin. Treatment of the Sertoli cell monolayers with hypotonic buffer to remove residual germ cells reduced this increase significantly. On the other hand, addition of germ cells to hypotonic‐treated Sertoli cell monolayers increased both basal and FSH + testosterone‐stimulated ABP and transferrin secretion at all three ages, although Sertoli cells from 10‐day‐old animals showed the greatest response. Moreover, addition of germ cells reduced responsiveness to FSH + testosterone in Sertoli cell monolayers obtained from rats aged 18 or 26 days. In monolayers obtained from 10‐day‐old rats, the opposite effect was noted in the case of ABP secretion. The stimulatory effect of germ cells on ABP and transferrin secretion was proportional to their number, and was reversed 48 h after the germ cells added previously were removed by hypotonic treatment. Whereas the reversal was complete with cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from 18‐ and 26‐day‐old rats, approximately 40% of the stimulatory effect remained after removal of germ cells from cultures from the 10‐day‐old age group. Adhesion of germ cells to Sertoli cell monolayers was also found to be age‐dependent, with the largest proportion of added germ cells adhering to Sertoli cells isolated at 18 and 26 days of age. It is concluded that germ cells can significantly and differentially modulate the basal and hormone‐stimulated secretory activity of Sertoli cellsin vitroand that Sertoli cell responsiveness to germ cells (pachytene spermatocytes) is age‐dependent and seems to appear early during the maturation process, before thes

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA highly conserved acrosomal antigen reactive to a monoclonal antibody (HS‐63), generated against human sperm, was purified to homogeneity with a combination of conventional procedures and immunoaffinity chromatography using a soluble extract of mouse and rabbit testes. The molecular weight of the purified antigen was 42–50 kD when analysed by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The high specificity of the purified antigen to monoclonal antibody HS‐63 was shown by indirect immunofluorescent inhibition assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis and radioimmunosorbent assay. The purified antigen was used for isoimmunization of mice and rabbits. Following successive immunizations, antisera of high titres were raised and reacted specifically with antigen on the sperm acrosome and in testes of several mammalian species, but not with somatic tissues. These isoimmune sera exhibited strong inhibition on mouse in‐vitro fertilization and human sperm penetration of zona‐free hamster eggs. The results of this study suggest that the sperm‐specific acrosomal antigen reacting with HS‐63 could be a good candidate for the development of immunocontraceptive vaccines in humans and i

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe cytosol from rat testes or seminiferous tubules contains a factor that markedly reduces the responsiveness of interstitial cells to stimulation by LH. It was noted previously that the inhibitor cannot be found until 35 days of age, suggesting that gonadotrophic stimulation of the testes is of importance for its formation. In the present studies, treatment of intact 20‐day‐old rats with FSH or with a combination of FSH and LH caused a premature appearance of the inhibitory activity. LH alone had a weak effect. However, hypophysectomy at 20 or 35 days of age did not influence the inhibitor content of the testes. Moreover, when the Leydig cells of adult rats were destroyed selectively by treatment with ethylene dimethane sulphonate, inhibitor levels were unchanged. It is suggested that induction of the Leydig cell inhibitor is under the control of FSH. However, once induced, its regulation seems to be independent of the pituitary gland. In separate experiments, ligation of the efferent ducts of the testes in adult animals did not cause any accumulation of inhibitory activity in the ligated testes, nor could the inhibitor be traced in the caput epididymis. Thus, it does not seem to be secreted into the epididymis, but rather may act as a paracrine factor in the tes

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY