摘要:

SummaryBiochemical analysis was made of specific accessory gland products in the ejaculates of 362 men suffering from various acute inflammatory diseases of the reproductive tract and 33 normozoospermic patients acting as controls. The ejaculate content of the epididymal markers α‐glucosidase andl‐carnitine, but not glycerophosphocholine, was significantly reduced in ejaculates from men with epididymitis; citric acid was reduced in men suffering from prostatitis; both citric acid and α‐glucosidase were reduced in men suffering from adnexitis. The ejaculate content of epididymal and prostatic markers in prostato‐urethritis (adnexitis), where the exact localization of the inflammation was unclear, was not as low as in epididymitis or prostatitis. Seminal vesicle function, as judged from semen volumes and seminal fructose, was not different in these groups of patients. The results, although strongly related to the clinical diagnosis, were unrelated to the microbiological flora of the semen and indicate that both the epididymis and the prostate glands are involved in some forms of

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe correlation between the hypo‐osmotic swelling test, the modified Eliasson score for human semen analysis and the hamster egg penetration assay was examined. The results showed a weak but significant correlation between the group of subjects with swelling rates below 50% and the above 80% group. These groups showed hamster egg penetration assay rates of 9±14% and 39±29%, respectively (P<0.035). A significant correlation was also found between modifed Eliasson scores (17±10 and 5±7, respectively) and swelling rates below 50% and above 70% (P<0.001). These results suggest that spermatozoa showing a low swelling rate have a poor fertilizing capacity. Therefore, the swelling tests and analysis of the patients semen can be used to discriminate sperm qu

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), both basally and after stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187, was examined in the motile fraction of sperm isolated after swim‐up from the semen of 10 naturally fertile men and three groups of infertile patients. The latter included: (1) men with a non‐bacterial inflammation of the genital tract (n= 10); (2) men unable to impregnate their partners during an intra‐uterine insemination programme (IUI) (n= 8) and their matched controls (n= 6); and (3) men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) who remained infertile after induction of spermatogenesis with gonadotrophin or gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone therapy (n= 3) and their matched controls (n= 3). The levels of ROS production were elevated in the sperm of some infertile men with inflammation of the genital tract compared to those found in 10 naturally fertile men. In addition, sperm from those patients who remained infertile after an IUI programme produced higher amounts of ROS compared to their control group who became fertile. Similarly, the production of ROS by sperm from three patients with HH who remained infertile was significantly higher than those of the three men who became fertile. These data suggest that an excessive production of ROS by sperm may explain some cases of idiopathic male infe

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe cryopreservation of semen used in assisted reproduction procedures was carried out exclusively by a simplified method in which a mixture of semen and cryoprotectant was contained in 1‐ml tuberculin syringes and plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. Donor semen samples halved and frozen in syringes and in straws in a controlled‐rate freezer showed no significant difference in post‐thaw motility (P=0.217) or survival (P=0.217) after 30 min. However, after 180 min the survival rate showed a significant reduction in syringes (P=0.045). A significant difference (P<0.00008) in the rate of fertilization of oocytes was seen in IVF cycles using frozen‐thawed donor sperm (58/142, 42%) when compared to fresh sperm from husbands (2315/3926, 59%). A significant reduction (P<0.00005) in fertilization rate was also observed in the case of supernumerary oocytes in GIFT cycles with the cryopreserved donor sperm (29/132, 22%) compared to the husbands' sperm (239/514, 46%). However, the pregnancy rate following IVF and embryo replacement was the same after fertilization with fresh sperm (75/351, 21%) as opposed to frozen sperm (3/14, 21%). Furthermore, a higher pregnancy rate was observed in GIFT with frozen donor sperm (9/19, 47%) than with fresh sperm from husbands (28/103, 27%), though this was not statistically significant (P=0.079). These results show this simplified method of semen cryopreservation to be effective when used in an IVF and GIFT programme, giving pregnancy rates comparable to fresh normo‐spermic semen samples. The method is simple, quick and in

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe relationship between asymptomatic urethral infection and seminal white blood cells, as detected using the peroxidase enzyme system, was examined. Eighty‐four semen donors were tested. Twenty‐four (29%) were diagnosed as having an active urethral genital infection. There was no statistical relationship between the total number or concentrations of peroxidase‐positive cells and a urethral genital infection. Further studies should concentrate on the subtypes of seminal leucocytes and their surface receptors using monoclonal antib

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEfferent ducts of the human epididymis were studied with a light microscope and a computerized three‐dimensional image analyser by preparing complete serial sections. The efferent ducts were characterized by a columnar epithelium, which differed both from the cuboidal epithelium of the rete testis and from the tall columnar epithelium of the epididymal duct. Therefore, the junctions of the efferent ducts with the rete testis and epididymal duct could be identified morphologically. Five or six efferent ducts originated from the dilated extra‐testicular rete testis, ran in an extremely tortuous manner and transformed into the epididymal ducts in an end‐to‐end pattern near the border of the epididymal head and corpus. Computerized image analysis confirmed light microscopical findings and demonstrated three‐dimensional structures of the junctions of the efferent ducts with both the rete testis and the epididy

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have analysed, by Northern blots, the expression of 14 cellular oncogenes in nine cell lines established from human teratocarcinomas. All lines expressed considerable amounts ofp53, c‐Ki‐ras2, c‐Ha‐ras1, craf1, N‐myc, and c‐fos.Low level expression of c‐mycwas detected in some lines. Southern blot experiments revealed no amplification or rearrangement of the c‐Ki‐ras2, N‐mycor c‐fosgenes. Using a rapid dot‐blot screening procedure, based on a combination of in‐vitro amplification ofras‐specific sequences and oligonucleotide hybridization, we could detect no activation of Ha‐rasor Ki‐rasor any unexpressed N‐rassequences secondary to a point

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe testes of 40‐day‐old rats subjected to protein malnutrition show a marked delay in maturation of the seminiferous epithelium, as well as greater mannose incorporation into glycoprotein than observed in normal animals of the same age. Testes were incubated for 1 h with [2‐3H]mannose and germ cells were then separated by the Staput method. Mannose incorporation occurred in the same cell fraction, i.e. the spermatocytes, both in normally fed and protein‐undernourished animals. These data were confirmed by incubating the cells previously isolated on the gradient with [2‐3H]mannose. Comparison of these data with results obtained in previous studies on 20‐day‐old animals in which mannose incorporation was lower in undernourished rats suggests that the differences observed in the present study between the experimental groups are due to alterations in t

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTreatment with STS‐557 (17α‐cyanomethyl 17β‐hydroxy‐estra‐4,9(10)‐dien‐3‐one; 10 mg kg‐1daily s.c.) for 4 weeks induced atrophy of the seminiferous tubules in adult rats with a reduction in tubule diameter and in the number of round sperma‐tids at stage VII. Elongated spermatids were not detected. Leydig cells were atrophied from the second week of treatment with a concomitant decrease in blood levels of testosterone. The blood levels of FSH and LH were reduced from the third week of treatment. The weight of the reproductive organs was reduced after STS‐557 treatment. The treatment induced sterility in 50% of rats after 2 weeks of treatment but after 4 weeks none of the treated males mated. Normal fertility and normal levels of testosterone and FSH were restored after 6 weeks and LH after 4 weeks of withdrawal of treatment. All other parameters studied recovered to pretreatment levels 6 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. STS‐557 could act on the pituitary‐gonadal axis (reducing gonadotrophin secretion) as well as directly affecting the Leydig cells. The consequent reduction in the blood levels of testosterone in combination with reduced gonadotrophins was presumably responsible for the sup

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe possible involvement of two arachidonic acid metabolites, prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) and leukotriene B4(LTB4), in the stimulatory effect of human chorioni gonadotrophin (hCG) on the volume of interstitial fluid (IF) in the rat testis ha been investigated. Administration of hCG caused a time‐ and dose‐dependen increase in the IF levels of PGF2αwhile LTB4showed no clear dose‐dependence but did decrease significantly at 2–8 h after injection of 100 IU hCG. Administra tion of ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS), which specifically destroys Leydi cells, decreased the volume of IF but the IF levels of LTB4and PGF2αwere unchanged. This indicates that although the absence of Leydig cells results i significant changes in IF volume, LTB4and PGF2αare probably not involved in these changes. Furthermore, these findings suggest that Leydig cells are not th only contributors to LTB4and prostaglandins E2and F2αin testicular IF. In rats injected peripherally with hCG, intratesticular administration of the cyclo oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, decreased PGF2α, levels in IF after 2 and 4 ’ but not at later times. However, no inhibitory effect of indomethacin on the hCG stimulated increase in IF volume was detected; indeed, at 2 h after injection o indomethacin + hCG there was a significant increase in IF volume in the indomethacin‐injected testis. It is concluded that, although prostaglandins am LTB4are secreted into IF in the rat testis, these arachidonic acid metabolites ar apparently not the primary mediators of the increase in IF volume that fol

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY