摘要:

AbstractThe development of auditory localization in dogs was investigated in a litter of 12 pups. Behavioral auditory localization consisted of orienting responses to dog vocalizations presented from loudspeakers 90 degrees to each side. Sounds were presented in two configurations, single source (only one loudspeaker) and precedence effect (both loudspeakers, with one slightly leading the other). Localization began around 16 days after birth, for single‐source sounds. This is consistent with previous observations and with findings on dogs' auditory neural development. Single‐source sounds were localized earlier during development than precedence‐effect sounds. This ordering resembles findings on human infants and can be related to neuroanatomical investigations of mammalian brain structures mediating single source versus precedence effect localiz

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420190202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIrritability was tested in mice reared in four environmental conditions: impoverished (IC), impoverished + overstimulated (ICS), enriched (EC), and enriched + overstimulated (ECS) conditions. The test used was a modified “bottle brush” test. Both overstimulations and individual housing increased irritability interacting positively with each other. Individual housing but not overstimulation decreased avoidance behavior in the m

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420190203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRats were either well‐nourished (control) or undernourished (PU) during the suckling and early postweaning periods (birth to 45 days), after which all animals were fedad libitum. From 25 to 45 days half of the rats in each group were exposed continuously in their home cases to shape stimuli (triangle and circles). Half of each of these 4 groups were given “reminders” of the stimuli through exposure for 2 h every 10–12 days from 55 to 131 days. Beginning on day 132, ability to discriminate these same visual stimuli was tested using a nonappetitively motivated version of the Lashley jumping stand technique. Discrimination learningper sewas unimpaired by previous undernutrition (control and PU rats not viewing the stimuli prior to training performed equally well). However, early‐life exposure led to improved learning performance only in control rats; it had no effect on the performance of PU rats (significant exposure X nutrition interaction). These findings indicate that undernutrition interfered with early “incidental learning”, that is, learning about features of the environment which are not, at the time, biologically relevant. Finally, retention of the discrimination was assessed 9 weeks after the rats had attained criterion performance. There were no effects of nutrition or prior exposure on lon

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420190204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSex‐related behavior in immature wild mountain gorillas consisted primarily of gental stimulating episodes in which one animal thrusted against the body of another. Whereas the immature males used the D‐V position predominantly, a single immature female that performed as an actor used the V‐V position exclusively. All episodes of genital stimulating behavior originated in the context of play and most actors were older (and larger) than recipients of such behavior. The data support the findings of earlier research but suggest that genital stimulating behavior among immature gorillas occurs more frequently than previously thought. These results in conjunction with comparable data on pygmy and common chimpanzees and orangutans suggest that genital‐stimulating behavior by immature individuals is a species‐typical phenomenon in the behavioral development of the g

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420190205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOntogenetic differences in forgetting of Pavlovian conditioning were tested in four experiments with 550 rats of ages 12, 18, or 60 days postpartum. The experiments had in common the same unconditioned stimulus (US; footshock) and procedures for conditioning and testing, but the conditioned stimulus (CS) differed. The CS was a particular vibrotactile stimulus (Experiment 1), ambient temperature (Experiment 2), odorant (Experiments 3), or brightness (Experiment 4). The intent of this study was to assess, in more comparable circumstances than previously tested, the possibility of substantial differences in infantile amnesia for different sensory modalities. Particular attention was given those modalities that mature early and had not been tested in previous studies of infantile amnesia. The results verified some degree of infantile amnesia for even those sensory modalities used adaptively from birth.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420190206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive experiments were conducted to test the effects of the age of urine on the acceleration and delay of puberty in female mice resulting from treatment with urinary chemosignals. The chemosignal in the urine of male mice that accelerates female puberty was not affected by remaining exposed to the air at room conditions for up to 7 days, or when dried in air and reconstituted with water. The chemosignal in the urine of grouped, female mice that delays puberty in females and the chemosignal present in the urine of pregnant and lactating female mice that accelerates female puberty were affected to varying degrees by exposure to room conditions; at 5‐to‐7 days exposure the urine samples lost their capacity to delay or accelerate sexual maturation. These results are in agreement with earlier work indicating that the male chemosignal is not volatile, whereas the substances in urine from grouped females and pregnant or lactating females are more volatile. The results also have implications for interpretations of how the urinary chemosignals may affect the population biology of house mice under natural conditi

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420190207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420190201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY