摘要:

AbstractThe responses of male and female mice each presented with a sequence of 4 pups from their own litter, a pup from another litter but of the same age and strain, and finally their own pup were noted. Both sexes spent longer sniffing the alien pup than the preceding own pup regardless of the ages of pups at testing, and more time licking the alien pup on some test days. Young pups (Days 0–3; birth = Day 0) emitted fewer ultrasounds in the presence of a male than a female, but there was no quantitative difference in the vocalizations of own and alien pups. These data indicate that adult mice are able to discriminate between their own and alien offspring; this discrimination appears to be based upon olfactory and possibly gustatory cues rather than auditory one

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behavior and psychopharmacological sensitivity of periadolescent rats are examined in this review. Periadolescent rats are hyperactive and engage in more conspecific play behavior than younger or older rats. When compared with other‐aged rats, periadolescents exhibit enhanced performance in simple active‐avoidance learning tasks, but perform poorly in more complex appetitive and avoidance learning tasks in which increases in locomotor activity do not improve performance, perhaps as a result of age‐specific alterations in selective attention or stimulus processing. Such behavioral “anomalies” of periadolescent animals observed in traditional laboratory situations may be in some way adaptive when considered in the context of the animals' natural habitat. In terms of psychopharmacological responsiveness, periadolescent rats, when compared with younger or older animals, are less sensitive to catecholaminergic agonists but are more responsive to the catecholaminergic antagonist haloperidol. This pattern of psychopharmacological sensitivity suggests that the catecholaminergic systems may be temporarily hyposensitive during the periadolescent period. Evidence is presented that a negative feed‐back system in the form of dopamine autoreceptors may become functionally mature in mesolimbic brain regions during the periadolescent period. The possibility is presented that maturation of these self‐inhibitory autoreceptors might result in a temporary decrease in the efficacy of mesolimbic dopamine projections, perhaps contributing to the psychopharmacological and behavioral characteristics of periadolescent animals. In support of this suggestion, evidence is reviewed indicating that the behavior of adult animals with lesions of the ventral tegmental area, a region containing cell bodies from which these mesolimbic dopaminergic projections originate, resembles that of periad

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reproductive behavior and physiology of female offspring of rats stressed during pregnancy were assessed. Mothers were restrained and placed under bright, hot lights from Day 14 through 21 of gestation. This treatment, which is known to disrupt the sexual behavior of male offspring, did not alter reproductive functioning in the female offspring. The females showed evidence of normal cyclicity, sexual behavior, pregnancy, parturition, pup survival, and maternal behavior when tested beginning at 70 or at 140 days of age.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments tested learning and retention of preweanling rats (10, 15, and 23 days of age) with an appetitive T‐maze spatial discrimination task, using 3 different reinforcers for training (Mother Alone, Mother + Milk, and Milk Alone.) The hypothesis was that immature rats are prepared to select and generate effective hypotheses for learning in an environment bearing some similarity to the home nest prior to their exhibiting similar capacities in other contexts. In Experiment I, we found support for this hypothesis in that 10‐ and 15‐day‐old rats were able to acquire the maze task when reinforced with Mother Alone or Mother +Milk, but not when reinforced with Milk Alone. In Experiment II, we report that 23‐day‐old rats weaned at 19 days postpartum were better at learning the maze task with milk as the reinforcer than littermates raised until training with the dam. We hypothesize that the development of foraging strategies might be necessary for the expression of maze behaviors reinforced with

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA factorial design was used to explore the influence of malnutrition and environmental enrichment on brain development and adult behavior. Malnutrition in suckling rats was produced by restricting the intake of their dams to 40% of normal food consumption. Environment was enriched using combined preweaning handling and a postweaning complex environment treatment. Malnutrition produced lasting effects upon brain biochemical composition and behavior. The environmental manipulation had no ameliorative effect on the brain parameters measured but it had pronounced effects on behavior, decreasing latency to move in the open field and increasing some measures of activity while it enhanced passive‐avoidance performance. There was little evidence for any interaction between the nutritional and environmental variables, but all trends were in the direction of the environmental treatment having more effect on the well‐nourished r

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn autosomal receissive (thc/thc) in our closed colony of New Zealand White rabbits (Uaz:NZW‐thc) results in nonfatal, behavioral convulsions following intravenous (i.v.) injections of delta‐9‐terahydrocannabinol (THC) and other psychoative cannabinoids of marijuana. The ontogeny of the convulsive response was evaluated in potential THC‐seizure‐susceptible (SS) rabbits from postnatal Days (PN) 15–548. Ages of nonsusceptibility (PN 15–23), partial susceptibility (PN 24–38), and complete susceptibility (PN 39–548) were found. Also, open‐field activity was determined in PN 14–25 THC‐SS and THC‐seizure‐resistant (SR) rabbits. Administration of THC during the seizure‐insensitive period resulted in genotype‐dependent alternations in p

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY