摘要:

AbstractThe ontogeny of the behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was examined in cats between the ages of 4 and 112 days postpartum. The kittens showed little LSD‐induced behavioral change prior to 14 days of age. By the age of 21 days, however, the kittens exhibited many of the behavioral signs characteristic of LSD‐induced behaviors in adult cats. These behaviors include limbflicking, abortive grooming, head‐shakes, grooming, and investigatory responses. In general, these behaviors began at a low frequency of occurrence, then increased rapidly with advancing age, reaching adult values by approximately 35–40 days of age, and remained relatively constant through 112 days postpartum. The time course for the behavioral effects following an acute injection of LSD showed the adult pattern, i.e., persisting for approximately 8 hr post‐injection, from their earliest appearance during ontogeny. Young kittens (21–42 days of age) were resistant to the development of tolerance following repeated administration of the drug. LSD was capable of eliciting certain behaviors, such as head‐shakes and grooming, well in advance of the age at which they normally appear spontaneously. This indicates that the neuronal and musculature substrata are developed for the performance of these behaviors long before the kitten naturally

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMaternal licking was manipulated by lining the nasal passages of rat dams with polyethylene tubing to interfere with their olfactory competence. Olfactory cues from pups elicit maternal licking and handling, particularly of anogenital regions, and dams with olfactory dificits were observed to lick their pups less. Mature male and female offspring of these dams and their controls were gonadectomized, treated with testosterone propionate, and tested for masculine sexual behavior. The male offspring of dams that provided less maternal licking had longer ejaculatory latencies, longer post‐ejaculatory intromission latencies, and longer inter‐intromission intervals than controls. Female offspring of the intubed dams performed fewer mounts and intromissions, had longer intromission latencies, and longer inter‐intromission intervals. It was concluded that stimulation from maternal licking contributes toward the development of a mechanism that underlies the timing of copulatory

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComponents of rat pups' ingestive responses to orally infused milk came to be elicited by a novel odor conditioned stimulus (cedar) that had been repeatedly paired with milk infusions (Experiment I). Pups responded specifically to one odor, and they did not generalize their conditioned responding to either another odor or an unscented airstream (Experiment II). Ingestive responses could also be conditioned to a vibrotactile CS paired with milk, although levels of conditioned responding were lower than were obtained with an odor CS (Experiment III). Pups' internal state determined the effectiveness of training, in that pups that were removed from their dam for 24 hr showed reliable conditioned responding, while nondeprived pups and dehydrated pups did not (Experiment IV). Finally, pups showed retention of conditioned responding for at least several days after training (Experiment V).

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of a single subcutaneous injection of haloperidol (1 or 10 mg/kg) or the vehicle solution on three kinds of behavioral inhibition were investigated in rats of 10, 15, and 20 days of age. The behaviors measured were tonic immobility, a response induced by lacing an animal on its back supported by a V‐shaped trough; the dorsal immobility response, which can be elicited in young rodents by grasping the skin of the dorsal surface of the neck and lifting the animal into the air; and catalepsy, a form of immobility in which animals remain in unusual postures but are capable of righting themselves, and which can be elicited by drugs which block dopamine receptors. Haloperidol (10 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the duration of tonic immobility only at 10 days of age; potentiated catalepsy at all age levels, but significantly less in the 15‐day‐old rats than in the 10‐ or 20‐day‐old rats; and potentiated the duration of the dorsal immobility response in the 10‐ and 20‐day‐old animals but not in the 15‐day‐olds. These results are discussed with respect to the development of neurotransmitter

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPattern of visual interaction in mother‐infant dyadic behavior have been reported for human and nonhuman primates, including age and gender differences among rhesus macaques. Such findings are tested with data from two developmental periods (Weeks 1–8 and 21–36) on Japanese macaque mother‐infant visual behavior. Rates for look, infanct facial‐fixation, and eye contact are greater during the first period than in the second. In Weeks 1–8, infants interact visually with their mother significantly more than with any other kinship class. This pattern continues in the second period, with the exception of eye contact for female infants, and with relatively more attention to nonmatrilineal animals. In Weeks 1–8, all instances of eye contact between mothers and their female, but not male, infants are initiated by the mother. In Weeks 21–36, male, but not female, infants direct significantly more looks to their mother than they r

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive experiments assessed the change in preference for an ambient odor after a brief period of exposure to that odor. Three minutes of exposure to a novel odor consistently increased subsequent preference for that odor. This effect occurred in preweanling rats 10 and 15 days of age even though, relative to the nest, the conditions of exposure were probably aversive tactually and thermally. There was relatively little variation in this effect between the ages of 10 Days postnatal and adulthood and over exposure durations ranging between 3 and 81 min. Substantial retention of this exposure effect was found for the 10‐day‐old rat, with no decline in induced preference over a 24‐hr period. The effect was unchanged by brief familiarization with the testing situation, but was eliminated by prior aversive experience with the testing situation. These results have implications for the design and interpretation of experiments that test learning and memory of odors, and emphazise generally the facility of the developing rat for processing olfactory inform

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA good deal of effort has been directed toward determining the sensory cues employed by neonatal animals in orienting to, and localizing, the nipple. The results of previous studies are contradictory. Some investigators have claimed that olfactory cues are critical, while others suggest that tactile cues are of primary importance in these behaviors. The present studies indicate that, in kittens, there are two essential components of the suckling process: orientation to the mother and localization of the nipple. In these experiments, the ability and time involved in localizing and attaching to the nipple of the anesthetized mother were measured in several conditions. With tactile input impaired, kittens had no difficulty locating the mother, but could not locate the nipple. In contrast, olfactory disruption nerver impaired nipple localization and attachment when the kitten was in contact with the mother, but interfered with the kitten's ability to locate the mother when removed from her. These data suggest that olfactory cues are employed in locating the mother, and tactile cues from the perioral region are employed in locating the nipple.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420170401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY