摘要:

AbstractRecent findings from both animal and human research have clearly demonstrated connections between behavioral coping mechanisms and adrenocortical function. The aim of this study was to address the role of maternal sensitivity as an external organizer of psychobiological function in infants during the first year of life. Forty‐one infants and their mothers were observed during play at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. Age‐specific patterns of relation between maternal sensitivity and infant behavioral organization were found indicating contextual dependence of infant behavior at 3 months and experience‐related behavioral function at 9 months. An affect of maternal sensitivity on adrenocortical function during the free play was demonstrated at 3 and 6 months, because an increase in cortisol was most frequently observed in infants of highly insensitive mothers. The findings indicate the importance of maternal behavior for infant biobehavioral organization.©1994 John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420270702

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree 27‐month‐old infant gorillas living with their mothers and a silverbacked male were separated to a cage for 24 weeks. The infants initially showed threat responses and increased locomotion, characteristic of the protest stage of anaclitic depression in children. Within several days, these were replaced by dorso‐ventral contact among the infants as well as self‐holding and fetal positioning. Additionally, social and solitary play and object examination occurred at lower levels through separation than in the pre‐separation condition. These changes were characteristic of the despair stage of separation. There was a substantial recovery of many infant nonsocial and social behavior in the later months of the separation. Upon reunion, the infants did not immediately engage in attachment behaviors with their mothers, and spent more time in contact with each other than with their mothers for the first several days, indicating detachment. Following this, there was an increase in mother‐infant attachment behaviors.©1994 John Wil

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420270703

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to calculate vagal tone (V) for 17 normal human fetuses in quiet sleep (QS) between 36 and 40 weeks gestation. The fetal cardiac electrical signal was captured transabdominally in 3‐min blocks at a rate of 833 times per second and fetalR‐waves were extracted using adaptive signal processing techniques. Fetal R‐wave interbeat intervals were converted to equally spaced, time‐based data, and the low‐frequency component was removed using a 21‐point third‐order moving polynomial. The parameter V was calculated by taking the natural logarithm of the sum of the power densities between 0.3 Hz and 1.3 Hz. We found that fetal breathing was associated with an approximately 25% increase in V as compared to nonbreathing, 3.33 ± 0.48 versus 2.57 The Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology 0.47,p<0.0001. Furthermore, there was a significant linear relationship between the mean single‐fetus V during spontaneous respiration and the mean single‐fetus V during normally occurring apneic periods, r = 0.772, p<0.002. We conclude that respiratory activity is associated with a significant increase in vagal tone for normal human fetuses in QS.©1994 J

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420270704

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFeeding mice a diet deficient in n‐3 fatty acids for three generations resulted in a 53% decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n‐3) in the brain. Maternal pup retrieval and social learning of a food preference are both tasks based on olfactory function. All dams made contact more readily with pups of their own dietary group, and animals of both dietary groups demonstrated the ability to learn a food preference through exposure to a conspecific that had previously eaten the food. Both groups showed similar ability to learn the location of the hidden platform in the Morris water maze, while the n‐3 deficient animals were marginally faster in locating the platform on the cued trial. They were also more active when tested in the open field. While they did not differ in their duration of immobility in a forced swimming test, the deficient animals did have longer paw‐lick latencies on a hot plate. Thus, in this study a significant reduction in brain n‐3 fatty acid composition, while associated with some indications of change in emotional reactivity, did not impair olfactory function or learning of either a latent or spatial nature.©1994 John Wiley

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420270705

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420270701

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY