ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn Experiment I, 17‐, 21‐, 36‐, 51‐, 90‐, and 200‐day‐old male and female rats were given a single session of 100 two‐way avoidance (TWA) trials. In the 2nd experiment, males and females of these ages and 15 and 28 days of age that were obtained from a different source, weaned at a later age, and housed differently received TWA training. Results of both studies showed that avoidance of 15‐, 17‐, and 21‐day‐old rats is low, but avoidance increases from 21 to 51 days of age. Avoidance of 95‐ and 200‐day‐old animals was generally lower than 51‐day‐old rats. No significant gender differences appeared until 90 days of age; at this age avoidance of males was lower than females. In Experiment III, CS intensity was varied and the US intensity was lower than that used in Experiments I and II. Avoidance of 21‐ and 90‐day‐old rats was higher with a more intense CS, but 21‐day‐olds were still lower than adults. Avoidance of 17‐

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPups aged 1 to 10 days, of deaf and hearing mouse strains, were monitored with an ultrasound detector while submitted to standard conditions of cold, isolation, and retrieving. The number of detections varied with the age of the pups and with the type of treatment (as established previously) but not with the genotype of the pups. Thus, occurrence and changes with age in ultrasound emission do not seem to be greatly influenced by their effects upon adult behavior.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of neonatal undernutrition in rats on food and water regulation, external indices of development, and long‐term regulatory behavior were investigated. Undernutrition produced retardation in some external indices of development. The ability to eat, drink, and maintain body weight at weaning were not seriously affected by the undernutrition. Longer term deficiencies in feeding efficiency, osmotic regulation, prandial drinking, and activity were found for experimental subjects. The involvement of peripheral‐systemic factors as well as neurological retardation in producing feeding and drinking deficits following undernutrition are discus

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractShort‐term effects of different amounts of body contact between mother and newborn on human nursing behavior were studied. Extended contact immediately after parturition was related to an increase in affective components of maternal nursing behavior observed on postpartum Days 2 and

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo‐day‐old rats were given unilateral lesions of the caudate‐putamen, globus pallidus, or hippocampus and their postural orientation was observed for 30 min immediately after surgery. All groups with damage to the caudate‐putamen and/or globus pallidus showed a significant postural deviation toward the side ipsilateral to the lesion. At this age, neurogenesis in the basal ganglia is complete but synapses, neurotransmitters, and enzymes for neurotransmitter synthesis are far below adult levels. These results indicate that the basal ganglia have a role in motor function prior to their full maturation as measured by neuroanatomical and biochemical tec

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe vertex‐positive, volume‐conducted far field response was used to evaluate age‐related changes of the 8th cranial nerve and auditory brainstem in the anesthetized C57BL/6 mouse. Responses were obtained from stimuli as low as 10 dB (within the 10‐20 kHz bandpass). When latencies were compared between 16‐ and 35‐day‐old subjects, the older mice had a P1component which was .175 msec faster, a P2which was .505 msec faster, a P3which was .953 msec faster, and a P4which was 1.315 msec faster. A retest of the younger mice showed that much of this retrocochlear latency decrease occurred between 16 to 18 days postpartum. The latencies of the younger mice were also less likely to decrease as the stimulus intensity was increased from 30 to 70 dB, and this effect was most pronounced at higher neural levels. These age‐related changes bear considerable relationship to the development of susceptibility of audiogenic seizur

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPituitary‐adrenal response in mother and infant squirrel monkeys following brief separation was assessed. Each mother and infant pair was tested under each of 3 conditions: (1) Basal; (2) Separation‐Reunion; and (3) Separation. Samples were obtained from mothers and infants in the Separation and Separation‐Reunion conditions 30 min following the initial disturbance. A similar paradigm was used to assess the effects of separation in surrogate‐reared animals. The results indicate that mothers, infants, and surrogate‐reared infants respond to 30‐min separation with a substantial increase in plasma cortisol. The values obtained in the Separation‐Reunion condition did not differ significantly from Basal values in any of the 3 groups, suggesting that the effect of separation on the pituitary‐adrenal system is not due to the disturbance involved in the separation procedure. The response of surrogate‐reared infants suggests that these infants develop similar attachments to the surrogate as normal infants to

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model of the psychological refractory period (PRP) proposed by Surwillo and Titus (1976) is compared critically with that proposed by Welford (1952) noting the following points:(1)Surwillo and Titus augment the single channel hypothesis of Welford's model with other assumptions that are unnecessary as Welford's model fits their data (and the great bulk of other studies) with great precision.(2)An anomaly overlooked in their application of the model to the data was found, namely, a counterintuitive decrease in reaction time to the 2nd stimulus below its asymptotic value. This has not been reported in any PRP data. The assumption in error is pointed out and a correction suggested.(3)When an essential expansion of their model to incorporate varying signal processing times is made, the notion of an inert Recovery Period used by Survillo and Titus becomes redundant. If this is discarded on grounds of parsimony, the major remaining difference between the models is Surwillo and Titus' additional restrictive assumption of discrete time segments gated by an EEG rhythm for which their data do not present any strong evidence.Although Welford's model is limited for developmental data as it only fits, rather than predicts, increases in reaction time with development, it is more accurate and preferable. Investigations of more cognitive variables such as practice may produce better explanations of developmental changes in reaction time than will measurement of small concomitant changes in physiological time parameters.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420110211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY