摘要:

Abstract“We should compare the manner in which orientation develops, first to the mother and later to an expanding environment. It would be interesting to carry out detailed comparisons of the ontogeny of such adjustments in blind‐born mammals such as the dog in comparison with mammals that have vision at birth–ungulates, for example. Important changes occur in the orientation of blind‐born mammals in the presight period, which we do not as yet have the techniques to investigate adequately.”T.C. Schnei

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBrain growth was studied from day of birth through 23 days of age in three outbred and one inbred groups of mice. The results showed that the brain grows rapidly from Birth through 11 days and quite slowly thereafter. We found no evidence of the several spurts and plateaus in growth that are central to the theory of phrenoblysis (correlated brain and mind growth). Our results show the main features of mouse brain growth to parallel those of human brain growth except of timing of rapid and slow growth.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe degree to which adult taste preferences can be influenced by early taste exposure is a matter of some debate. The present studies characterize the developmental course of saline preference during maturation in the rat and examine whether adult saline preference is influenced by postweaning exposure to saline solutions. Saline intake from weaning to adulthood was examined in Wister rats allowed continuous access to demineralized water and either.0,.9, 1.8, or 2.7% sodium chloride (NaCl) w/v solutions. When rats were immature they expressed greater preference for saline solutions than they did as adults. It is hypothesized that the over consumption of saline by young animals is related to lower sensitivity of the taste system to NaCl in the early postweaning period. Animals that had had continuous access to saline from weaning were compared to those that had not received saline exposure early in life, in life, in order to determine whether extensive experience with salt solutions leads to alterations in adult salt preference. These studies failed to reveal any evidence that rearing condition affects adult salt preference; thus adult salt preference may be maturationally determined and relatively independent of postweaning environmental influences.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuch of the development of the rat's hippocampal formation occurs postnatally which suggests that this structure, like the cerebellum, may be especially vulnerable to early postnatal malnutrition. Radial‐maze performance and spontaneous alternation, two kinds of behavior requiring the integrity of the hippocampus, were assessed to determine whether hippocample function in the adult rat is mipaied as a result of protein restriction in either the prewaning, the postweaning or both stages of development. In three experiments the perormance of protein‐malnoruished rats in 8‐ and 12‐arm mazes did not differ significantly from that of well‐nourished rats. In a fourth experiment levels of spontaneous alternation in protein‐malnourished rats were like those of normal well‐nourished animals. Thus, The present experiments provide no evidence that hippocampal function is impaired as a consequence of early experiments provide no evidence that hippocampal function is impaired as a consequence of early protein deprivation. For the most part, a critical review of earlier studies of undernourished rats supports a simil

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne‐day‐old visually naive and experienced quail chicks (C. coturnix japonica) were mass‐screened for approach preferences by pairs of stimuli that were identical in size and luminance but different in color, or patter, or both color and pattern Subjects were drawn from the 18th generation of quail lines that were bidirectionally selected for color preferences, and from and unselected genetic control line. Experience consisted of 12 hr of unreinforced perceptual exposure to colored or white stimuli, with and without associated pattern. Data indicated strong genetic influences in the preferences of colors, which were partially generalized unselected preferences between colors and patterns. Joint exposure to color and pattern resulted in selective learning of color but not pattern. Systematic variations in postexposure choices between composite stimuli of colors and patterns were traced to variations of genotype, experience, and genotype‐experience inter

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeking ducklings were tested at 1‐2 or 7‐8 days of age for their tendency to inhibit their own distress calling in response to the distress calls of siblings. At both ages the ducklings displayed a significant inhibitory response of the sibling calls, although the response of the older birds was greater. When the younger ducklings were subsequently tested with variety of acoustic stimuli that wee similar to the nonspecific calls, however, they showed the same degree of response specificity; displayed by older ducklings in previous research: in both cases the ducklings more strongly inhibited their vocalizing in response to the sibling calls than to most of these other stimuli. Finally, it was demonstrated that this differential responsiveness to sibling calls was not due merely to differences in pretest exposure to the sibling calls vs these other stimuli. This sensitivity of 1–2‐day‐old ducklings to sibling distress calls is of interest because (1) this age period is of great importance for the formation of social attachments, including sibling bonds, (2) distress calls are known to play an important role in maintaining family cohesion, and (3) it stands in contrast to the common view that young precocial birds do not respond to sibling distr

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo help identify determinants of rat appetitive behavior during the weanling period, rat pups 17–32 day of age were studied in a Y‐maze. One arm of the maze provided pups with the opportunity to suckle a lactating or nonlactating anesthetized female. The other arm always contained a familiar food, either liquid diet or ground laboratory chow. In some experiments the dam was separated from the food compartment by a thin gauze screen. In other tests maternal contact could be maintained in the feeding goal but suckling in that compartment was prevented by nipple involution. Age was the major determinant of choice, with more older animals choosing the food arm. Availability of maternal contact in the feeding compartment increased the percentage of rats that chose to feed by about 20% at all ages studied. Food quality, but not quantity, affected choice at each age, as did lactational status. Prior food, water, and maternal deprivation (2 or 24 hr) didnotaffect choice behavior at any age but did influence behavior in the goal box. These findings are discussed within the context of the changing demands faced by the rats during the weaning per

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420160501

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY