ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A simulation exercise was carried out in which participants were asked to recommend sentences for convicted prisoners, and options for those awaiting trial, in one of two conditions, that is, with tagging as an available option, or as not available. The introduction of tagging as an option had the effect of increasing the use of fines as a punishment relative to prison and probation, although tagging was not in itself a highly favoured option as a punishment. Tagging was, nonetheless, favoured as an alternative to bail or remand, its introduction having the effect of detracting from the use of whichever was the most favoured option in each case. It is suggested that the principle of detraction from the most favoured option might generalise to sentencing, should tagging be introduced.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Police and community relations have long occupied the attention of the police and the public. The recent emergence of community policing philosophy emphasises closer involvement of police and community residents, yet to date has ignored the perceptions of the police and the public toward each other's role in affecting social control. Fifty Philadelphia police officers and 24 community residents, participating in a community/police educational programme called Project COPE, provide information on police and community attitudes toward responsibility for crime control, support for and antagonism toward police actions, and the quality of police citizen interactions. Preliminary findings from a before and after analysis of programme participants suggest that relations between these two groups may be strained by police officer and agency acceptance of public criticism.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This research explores the use and non‐use of capital punishment in various regions of the world. This is a descriptive analysis of the ultimate penal policy that any nation can give in its operation and administration of justice. In 1965 Patrick published his research on the death penalty. He found 86.6% of the nations he studied retained the death penalty. Amnesty International found 84.6% for 1985. The two figures are very close even though they are over 20 years apart. The research briefly explores the increases in the death row population in the United States (over 2,000 since 1967). Great Britain tried to reinstate the death penalty to solve its ‘terrorist problem’ in 1987. Spain executes by a ‘garrote’. The Soviet Union and some other Soviet aligned nations retain the penalty for the economic crimes of: counterfeiting, speculation in currency, stealing state property, and taking bribes by an official. France abolished the death penalty and the guillotine in 1971. They tried to reinstate the penalty in 1976 to deal with ‘major drug crimes’. Australia eliminated the penalty in 1985 when its Western region finally abolished it. South Africa did execute an average of 111 per year for the years 1980 to 1985. Japan retains the penalty for 17 crimes. Malaysia has recently executed several people for drug offences and arms violations. In Latin America, one‐half of the nations retain the penalty. The article concludes with recent events surrounding World War II Nazi Criminals recently sentenced to death in Is

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Eighty‐nine prison officers were asked to rate the importance of 25 potential sources of stress in their work. They were also administered a twelve‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as a measure of occupational stress. General Health (GH) was not related to age. It was related to rank, with senior officers reporting lower levels of stress than basic grade officers. The relationship between GH and length of service was curvilinear, with officers who had worked an intermediate number of years in the prison service reporting more stress. The factor analysis of the 25 sources of stress suggested that stress originated from two main sources, inmates and management, the weight given to these two factors being unrelated to the age, rank or experience of the officers. It was however related to the officers' reported stress on the GHQ. In particular, stressed officers were more likely to report inmates to be a source of stress than non‐stressed officers. Implications and plans for future research are disc

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Probation as an Alternative to Custody P. RaynorPolicing Liberal Society, S. Uglow

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1989.tb00646.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY