摘要:

Abstract:Drawing upon recent consumer research, this article examines probation officers' work with prisoners in the light of the notion of ‘street‐level bureaucracy’, and finds that many of the policies and practices of the probation service seem designed to prevent a client‐centred, personal approach. In fact, there is some dissatisfaction with the bureaucratic nature of the service given by probation officers, and prisoners may be declining to become involved with the probation service because of this. Some modest changes in practice are suggested, in view of the recommendations of the Woolf Report and the likely changes resulting

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The rapid ascendance of deterrence theory and other rational‐choice interpretations of criminal behaviour in the 1970s was matched until recently by a failure to examine empirically the criminal decision making of serious offenders. This paper reports the results of an ethnographic investigation of criminal decision making by a sample of persistent property offenders. Following brief introductory comments, we describe our research objectives and methodology. Then we describe salient features of the decision‐making processes employed by members of the sample. We argue that improved understanding of criminal decision making by persistent property offenders is gained by exploring how their utilities are shaped and sustained by the lifestyle characteristic of many of them. We suggest that offenders' efforts to acquire the financial and social capital needed to enhance, sustain, or restore enjoyment of this lifestyle may generate a bounded rationality in which they discount or ignore the formal risks of cr

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Help and support for victims of crime have become key platforms of the government's criminal justice policy in recent years. TheVictim's Charter, published by the government in 1990, is the first official statement on how victims of crime should be treated and what they are entitled to expect. It addresses, in particular, the three issues which have caused most concern during the last decade: the unsympathetic treatment of victims by the police and courts; obtaining financial compensation; and the need for welfare services such as Victim Support. It may be seen both as the official seal of approval and the culmination of years of endeavour on behalf of victims of crime. In all this discussion there is very little mention of children. The way in which the criminal justice system responds to children and young persons under the age of 17 was the subject of research commissioned by the Home Office and carried out by the authors at the Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford. Although a number of innovations have been introduced which relate specifically to child victims, it is argued that much remains to be done to ensure that children receive such help as they may need in the aftermath of crime, and that they are not further victimised by the criminal justice process.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The theme of consistency is one which is increasingly appearing at a number of points in the criminal justice system. The probation service has been in difficulty achieving consistency of practice as it has had to shadow the inconsistencies within and between courts and this effect has been compounded by using instruments which predict local outcomes in court and ties local probation practice to them. This piece of work shows that greater consistency can be achieved by using a simple recommendation matrix (SIR recommendation guidelines) based on probation officers' recommendation practice which in turn seems to influence court's disposal favourably. This could pave the way for the probation service to adopt an approach in which it presumes that staff will follow agreed practice rather than trying to predict and follow the requirements of different courts. At the same time, staff would be allowed to depart from the SIR recommendation guidelines after consultation in order to maintain their capacity to respond to unusual individual circumstances. The approach has particular relevance to the Criminal Justice Act which seeks to relate disposals to offence seriousness and offender suitability. In order to establish the new sentencing framework, both courts and the probation service will have to rely initially on their existing practice to some extent. The mechanism outlined in this paper thus provides a starting point for pre‐sentence report (PSRs) advice to courts as a guide as to sentence. The guidelines will need to be amended through periodic review so that it is in line with recent practice and government legislatio

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We consider the reasons for and detail current changes to the prison medical service in England and Wales. We note that whilst civil society increasingly seeks redress through law, prisoners are ill equipped and relatively ineffective in using the courts. Instead, a medical paradigm might be an empowering process for prisoners to improve their quality of life. Delivery of an efficient health care service is a prisoner's right. This is of particular importance to HIV positive and AIDS prisoners for whom the standard of health care is literally a matter of life or death.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Beyond Law and Order: Criminal Justice Policy in the 1990s R. Reiner and M. CrossOut of Order? Policing Black People Ellis Cashmore and Eugene McLaughlin

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY