ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This paper describes the scale of Aboriginal over‐representation in Australian criminal justice systems. It explains this in terms of Australian history and contemporary social structures, specifically the Eurocentric criminal justice system. The paper then goes on to describe and discuss recent measures introduced at both Federal and state levels which have been designed to counteract some of the negative effects of the system on Aboriginals. The paper concludes with an analysis of the issues which are raised by the plight of Aboriginals and parallel situations in other countries which have ethnic minority populations who are unduly affected by rapid social and economic chang

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The article addresses problems of ethnic and foreign minorities in the criminal justice system in the Federal Republic of Germany. Analysis of police and court data suggests at first glance that members of foreign minorities commit far more crimes than are committed by the population's majority. But controlling for differences in those variables which make considerable differences between foreign minorities and the population's majority, especially socio‐economic status, differences in crime rates fade away. It is argued that cultural conflict theory does not provide an adequate framework for explaining crime occurring within foreign minorities. Available evidence suggests that deprivation and control theories are more powerful in explaining criminal behaviour within ethnic and foreign minorities, they seem also to he more useful in guiding criminal policy dealing with foreign offenders. Although crime problems have been of paramount importance in criminological studies dealing with ethnic and foreign minorities, problems of criminal victimisation should be taken into account, too. Furthermore, problems of processing members of ethnic minorities through the criminal justice system are touched on in the article with special emphasis on those points in the process which are hypothesised to embody great potential for discriminatory decision‐ma

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The place of immigrants in the French system of criminal justice can only be understood in the context of the history of post‐war France. Since 1956, developments in the prison population and the flux of immigration have been dominated by the 'Algerian probleme. After the Evian agreements were signed in 1962 there was a period of ‘free’ and massive, immigration until 1974. Since then the volume of legislation rivals and probably surpasses the British experience. Together they are the formal expression of the near illegality of being foreign. The day‐to‐day reality of this tenuous citizenship status is documented in the second half ofthe paper. Many of the police in the 1960s also belonged to the Service d' Action Civique, a Gaullisl strong‐arm association; and, since 1974, an increasing proportion of immigrants are being imprisoned. Second generation immigrants also suffer discrimination wherever there is discretion. Overall, the French tradition of being the home of political refugees looks very

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Until recently relatively little research had been carried out on criminal justice and black people in the U.K., but this is now changing. The indications of work to date are that black people's experience of criminal justice in the U.K. is very different from that of white people. One consequence of this is that the number of black people in Prison Department establishments is disproportionately greater than their representation in the population as a whole. However, the process by which this comes about is a complex one, reflecting not only the way that black people are dealt with by different criminal justice agencies, but also their position in society at large. The available evidence shows that, while some differential sentencing cannot be ruled out as an explanation for the disproportional representation of black people in the prison population, what seems to be more important is what happens prior to sentence, in that black people are differentially apprehended, charged and brought to court in the first instance. In view of this it is not surprising that relations between black people and the police are often troubled. This article highlights the interdependence of the criminal justice process and the way that decisions taken at one stage of the process can affect subsequent decisions, and thus be responsible for black people perceiving the whole system as discriminatory.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Criminal Careers and ‘Career Criminals’ Volumes I and II A. Blumstein, J. Cohen, J. A. Roth and C. A. VishusThreatening Youth: TowardJ a National Youth Policy Bernard Davies. Milton KeynrsFrom Crime Policy to Victim Policy: Reorienting the Justice System E. A. FattahSituational Crime Prevention. From Theory Into Practice Kevin Heal and Gloria LaycockBarbara Wootton: Social Science and Public Policy P. Bean and D. WhynesThe Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending D. B. Cornish and R. V. ClarkeJustice jar Women? Mary Eaton. Milton KeynesThe Director of Public Prosecutions: Principles and Practices for the Crown Prosecutor Graham Mansfield and Jill PeayThe Effects of Crime and the Work of Victims' Support Schemes Mike Maguire and Cl

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1987.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY