摘要:

Abstract:Violence in British jails is increasing. Explanations of this rise are often couched in terms of the psychological characteristics of the perpetrators. This paper argues that the characteristics of the regime have a significant role in the etiology of violent incidents. The evidence relating to violent incidents in prisons, special hospitals and secure units is reviewed. It is concluded that regimes which allow more inmate participation, increased contact with the outside world and which are operated by more highly trained prison officers, are likely to have a positive effect on the rising tide of violence in British jails.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1991.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:An examination of the available evidence relating to deaths in prison and police custody for Britain and for Australia reveals that the Australian prison crude death rate is twice as high as the equivalent rate for England and Wales. There were equal proportions of suicides in both groups, but the prison deaths from England and Wales were much more likely to be among remandees than was the case in Australia. The Scottish prison death rate was found to be slightly higher than that of England and Wales, but also much lower than the Australian rate. A comparison of the rates of death in police custody also produced interesting differences with the Scottish rate being the highest. This was followed by Australia, with England and Wales again being found to have the lowest rate. A closer examination of the data for England and Wales and Australia revealed that a higher proportion of the Australian deaths in police custody was self‐inflicted and that proportionately many more of the British deaths in police custody occurred in hospitals rather than in police stations. An examination of the figures for each year showed that 1987 was a particularly bad year for prison suicides in both countries. There were also higher than expected numbers of other deaths in custody in 1987 in Australia, but this pattern was not reflected in the British data of deaths in police custody. Possible explanations for these findings are considered together with their implications for reducing deaths in custod

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1991.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article records an interview with a professional Dutch criminal that illuminates certain aspects of the traditional Dutch underworld. The aim was twofold; to explore the nature of the underworld and to encourage fieldworkers to explore criminality through the biographies of criminals. The traditional underworld in The Netherlands has been replaced by ‘organised’ crime in the hands of Chinese, Turks, Israelis, Colombians, etc. ‘Aage M.’, as he was known in the media, was a well‐known safe‐breaker whose personal story reveals him almost as a relic of a parochial, cohesive, and largely non‐violent domestic underworld that has largely disappeared. The paper is written as a contribution to the small literature on criminal biographies. And as a plea for more direct involvement in the world of crime (short of committing crime!) by qualitative research that is an antidote to the policy‐based, pragmatic, atheoretical mainstream of current crime and de

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1991.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Despite the many differences in the criminal justice systems of Britain and the United States, both countries face common problems in the field of pretrial decision‐making. The bail decision is a difficult, possibly high‐risk, decision that occurs in a very short period of time with little reliable information. Bail information schemes recently tested in Britain suggest that policy‐makers recognise the need to classify cases on something other than mere intuition. Recent bail reform in the United States has been built on this premise and has progressed to the point of developing empirically derived, voluntary judicial guidelines for pretrial release. This work has implications for pretrial decision‐making in general and the bail information schemes in particular. Accordingly, this paper presents the major findings of more than a decade's work on the development, implementation and evaluation of bail guidelines. In particular, it emphasises the value of a guidelines approach to pretrial decision‐making and serves to dispel the popular notion that guidelines are simply an informational tool founded on the belief that ‘more

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1991.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1991.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Unit Fines: Experiments in Four Courts David Moxon, Mike Sutton and Carol Hedderman.Ethnic Minorities and the Criminal Justice System Robert Waters.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1991.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1991.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY