摘要:

AbstractNach mechanischem Aufschluß mit einem Vibrator lassen sich die Zellgrenzschichten (Plasmamembran + Zellwand) vonAcinetobacter calcoaceticusnach einem Schema fraktionierter Zentrifugationen isolieren und reinigen. Die zur Kultivierung benutzte C‐Quelle (n‐Alkane, Succinat, Acetat) beeinflußt weder die Ausbeute an gewonnenen reinen Zellgrenzschichten noch deren elektronenmikroskopisch erkennbare StrukturAn chemischen Bestandteilen bestimmten wir nach Wachstum aufn‐Alkanen die Proteine zu 54%, die Lipide zu 29%, die Kohlenhydrate (einschließlich der Aminozucker) zu 10% und Phosphat zu 5%; Cholesterin konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Succinatoxydase‐ und NADH‐Oxydase‐Aktivität fanden sich in allen Präparationen unabhängig von der C‐Quelle, die NADP+‐abhängige Aldehyddehydrogenase nur nach

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170502

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn media with mixed nitrogen sources (nitrate plus yeast extract) a three auxic growth is observed. The first growth phase is characterized by preferential utilization of the amino acids of the yeast autolysate and the utilization of only small amounts of nitrate. During the second growth phase nitrate is preferentially utilized. In the third phase there is only growth without dividing of cells and the accumulation of xanthan takes place. The change from growth by dividing to growth without dividing means a change from balanced to unbalanced growthIt is proposed that xanthan production is connected with unbalanced growth.

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170503

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter adding14C‐paromomycin to the fermentation broth we observed a varying course of decomposition of the antibiotic, which is dependent on the intensity of paromomycin biosynthesis running simultaneouslyAt a reduced rate of antibiotic biosynthesis, the activity of alkaline phosphatase is lower than with an increased rate of production. This applies for mycelium as well as for brot

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170504

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ultrastructural alterations in cells ofCandida utiliscaused by the influence of copper ions have been studied by means of quantitative image analysis. A model has been proposed which presents the following informations: The main effect of the copper ions is represented by an increase of the volume of the whole cell and of that part of the cell which consists of nucleus, vacuoles, and inclusions (particles and globules). Nevertheless, neither the absolute volume of mitochondria, nor the density of mitochondria are influenced by high concentrations of copper ions in the culture medium.

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170505

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract23 Derivate und strukturanaloge Verbindungen des Carboxins (5,6‐Dihydro‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐oxathiin‐3‐carboxanilid) wurden im Succinat‐Cytochromc‐Oxydoreduktasesystem und im NADH‐Oxydasesystem von nichtphosphorylierenden Elektronentransportpartikeln (ETP)2) aus Rinderherzmitochondrien getestet. Einige dieser Verbindungen wurden darüber hinaus an partikulärer Succinatdehydrogenase aus dem carboxinempfindlichen PilzTrametes versicolorund der carboxinunempfindlichen ArtTrichoderma viridegeprüft. Aus den Werten für die Hemmaktivitäten ergeben sich folgende Schlußfolgerungen:1Die Wirksamkeiten der Oxathiinderivate und ‐analoga im Succ.‐Cyt.c‐OR‐System von Rinderherz‐ETP korrelieren hoch signifikant (Irrtumswahrscheinlichkeit<0,1%) mit ihren Wirkungen auf partikuläre Succ.‐DH aus den carboxinempfindlichen PilzartenTrametes versicolorsowieUstilago maydisundCryptococcus laurentii(WHITE u. THORN 1975), nicht aber mit dem entsprechenden System ausTrichoderma viride.Rinderherz‐ETP sind somit ein geeignetes Modellobjekt für den Carboxinrezeptor in carboxinempfindlichen Pilzen2Die Wirksamkeiten auf die Succ.‐DH‐Systeme von Rinderherz‐ETP undTrametes versicolorkorrelieren grob mit dem Hydrophobizitätsterm lg P, jedoch sind auch elektronische und sterische Einflüsse erkennbar3Für die Bindung des Carboxins am Rezeptor in der Succ.‐DH‐Region des Elektronentransportsystems wird ein Mehrzentrenmechanismus vorgeschlagen, an dem folgende Zentren beteiligt sind: 1 elektrophiles Zentrum am C2‐Atom des Oxathiinringes, je 1 nucleophiles Zentrum am O‐Atom und am N‐Atom der Säureamidgruppierung sowie 2 hydrophobe Zentren (Phenylrest der Anilidgruppierung und CH3‐Gruppierung am Oxathiinring). Das S‐Atom übt eine stabilisierende Wirkung auf den Wirkstoff‐Rezeptor‐Komplex aus4Die Ursache für die Carboxinunempfindlichkeit mancher Pilzarten liegt wahrscheinlich in einer abweichenden Struktur des Succ.‐DH‐Komplexes; die dort ebenfall

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170506

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith certain salts a stimulation of respiration of the blue‐green algaAnacystis nidulanswas found in the dark. The stimulation was observed only at high concentrations (10−2M—10−1M). NaCl or LiCl are the most effective salts and on addition the increase of the respiration is about 2.5fold. Li is assumed to function as a substitute for Na. Potassium salts, except KCl, are ineffective. The order for the effectiveness is: NaCl>NaNO3, Na2SO4>KCl>KNO3, K2SO4(=zero). Accordingly, the cation Na+, and to a less degree the anion Clare responsible for the stimulatory effect. K, which is ineffective, is passively accumulated byAnacystisaccording to the membrane potential. Na is actively extruded. At 0.1 M external NaCl, the passive influx of Na is high, but even then it is balanced by an active efflux. This increases the energy consumption of the cells and leads to a stimulated respiration. With DCCD (N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) or NEM (N‐ethylmaleimide), the Na efflux is inhibited, simultaneously the stimulation of respiration is abolished and the passive influx of Na becomes detectable. At 0.1 M NaCl, the passive influx of Na measured in presence of DCCD is 5 × 10−6moles Na/min and ml packed cells. In absence of DCCD on addition of 0.1 M NaCl the extra oxygen consumption is 2 × 10−6moles O2/min and ml cells. This may prove that the stimulation of respiration is mainly caused by th

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170507

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe S‐specific polysaccharide from2 Sh. flexneriwild strains (with serological var. X‐ and var. Y‐specificity, respectively) and 2Sh. flexneri E. colihybrids (with the same specificities) can be separated by means of gel chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 and G‐50 into altogether 6 fractions per strain. Fraction G‐200/1 (molecular weight>106D) represents a polymer consisting nearly exclusively of glucose and is present mainly in the two Y‐type strains, much less in the two X‐type strains. Fractions G‐200/2 and G‐200/3 (molecular weight ∼ 105D and ∼ 2 · 104D, respectively) seem to consist mainly of the S‐specific side chains while fraction G‐50/2 (molecular weight ∼ 2000 D) presumably contains an SR‐polysaccharide (core with one repeating unit). Fraction G‐50/3 (molecular weight ∼ 1000 D) contains the core polysaccharide and fraction G‐50/4 splitting products (mainly KDO). No significant differences in chromatographical behaviour and quantitative composition could be found between the polysaccharides of the wild strains and the hybrid strainsBecause of the well‐known stability of the glucosaminyl linkages the sugar analysis was not only performed after acidic hydrolysis. In some cases the acid hydrolysate was reacted with HNO2to cleave the glucosaminyl linkages. In most cases the values obtained now

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170508

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBacteriumArthrobacterGJM‐1 known in the literature as a good producer of α‐mannanase was found to accumulate in the culture fluid lytic activities against viable yeast cells during growth on isolated cell walls or β‐glucan fractions of yeast. The accumulation of the lytic activities showed an inducible character. The lytic system produced in the medium containing baker's yeast cell walls was capable of complete solubilization of cell wallsin vitro.The system lysed viable cells of a number of yeast species and induced their conversion to protoplasts in an osmotically stabilized medium. The lytic system showed different pH and temperature optima when viable cells or isolated cell walls were used as substrates. The pH optimum of the lysis of isolated cell walls was identical with pH optimum of β‐glucanase activities in the crude system. The results pointed out that in the lysis of intact cells, in addition to β‐glucanases, some other factor is involved. Substantial differences in the nature of the outer and the inner surface of cell walls ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaewere confirmed in this paper based on the different susceptibility to lysis of the cell wallsin vi

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170509

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170510

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19770170511

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY