摘要:

AbstractAfter cultivation ofStreptomyces hydrogenansin the presence of different steroids the activity of both 3α,20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3β, 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was determined in the cell homogenate of the microorganism. By comparing the efficacy of the steroids to increase enzyme activities, steroids could be divided into 3 groups: a) steroids which stimulated preferentially the activity of 3α,20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (e. g., corticosterone), b) steroids which stimulated preferentially 3β,17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (estradiol‐17β), and c) those behaving intermediately (e. g., progesterone, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone). Highest 3β, 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be measured 2 h after addition of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone to the culture medium. The activity of 3α, 20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, however, increased continuously up to 4 h. 3α,20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3β,17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase syntheses seemed to be controlle

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220502

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractABacillus amyloliquefaciensstrain high‐producing for β‐1.3‐1.4‐glucanase has gradually lost the ability to produce this enzyme during long‐time continuous cultivation, independent of the culture conditions. Mutant strains isolated after long‐term cultivation exhibited changed behavior concerning extracellular enzyme formation and sporulation. By agarose gel electrophoresis of alkaline DNA extracts isolated from original and mutant strains we demonstrate that the observed pleiotropic phenomena are not caused by the loss of a complete plasmid present in the original strain. From extracts of both the original and mutant strains plasmid DNAs with approximately the same molecular weight of about 35 Mdal w

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220503

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA bacteriophage was shown to adsorb to plasmolysed non‐swarming cells ofProteus mirabilispreferentially at the sites of adhesion between the inner membrane and outer cell wall membrane; 75% of phage particles were adsorbed at these sites, while 25% were not. Differences in outer membrane composition between swarming and non‐swarming cells were reflected in altered phage‐binding properties, with only 33% of phage absorbed at these adhesion sites in swarming cells. On the basis of their phage distribution, cross‐sections of swarm cells could be distinguished from sections of short non‐swarm

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220504

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThrough the isolation and identification of a wide variety of degradation products formed from bile acids by microorganisms, a unified scheme for the complete degradation of bile acids to carbon dioxide and water has been proposed and discussed. The proposed degradative pathways mainly consist of the following steps: natural C243‐hydroxy bile acids → 3‐oxo bile acids → Δ4‐3‐oxo bile acids → → C16or C18perhydroindane derivative (at least in two ways) → → (4→)‐4‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐octanedioic acid (at least in three ways) → → CO2and H2O.A microbial hydroxylation method for the preparation of bile acid samples was investigated which could be used as reference standards in the analysis of bile acids in biological materials and also as materials for studying the function of bile acids. The particular fungi,Curcularia lunataNRRL‐2380,Helicostylum piriformeATTC‐8992 andPestalotia foedansATCC‐11817 effected the 1β‐, 11β‐, 12β‐, 15α‐ or 15β‐hydroxylation of certain bile acids and gave the following products: 1β,3α‐, 3α,12β‐ and 3α,15β‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholan −24‐oic acids, 3α,12β,15α‐ and 3α,12β, 15β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acids and 12β,15β‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from‐lithocholic acid; 1β,3α,12α‐ and 3α,12α,15β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acids and 3α, 11β‐dihydroxy‐12‐oxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from deoxycholic acid; 3α, 7α, 12β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid 3α,7α,12β, 15α‐tetrahydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid; 3α‐6α,12β‐ and 3α,6α, 15β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acids from hyodeoxycholic acid; 3α, 7β, 12β trihydroxy‐5β‐cho

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220505

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the presence of malate or citrate sporangiospores ofC. eleganswere able to hydroxylate cortexolone with a rate twofold exceeding that of the control, water suspended spores. Analysis of the intracellular nicotinamide coenzyme pools revealed an increased NADPH: (NADP++ NADPH) ratio, indicating more effective NADPH‐generating systems in malate‐ or citrate‐stimulating spores.Swollen spores remaining in the pregermination state, retained higher cortexolone‐hydroxylating activity in the absence of malate and citrate. In these spores degradation of endogenous alanine and glutamic acid was observed. Possible NADPH‐generating systems inC. eleganssporangiospores were

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220506

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe growth behaviour ofStreptomyces granaticolorETH 7437 was studied by the microculture technique. The kinetics of growth and branching were recorded and, since elongation was found to be restricted to apical elongation sites (e‐sites), the rate of elongation per site (α) was determined as well. The mycelia grew exponentially. Initially the growth was dependent on α of the germ tube, but after the start of branching, growth paralleled the exponential increase of the number of branches while α attained a constant average value.Further, for liquid grown mycelia shown about the same growth kinetics the cellular structure was determined after cell wall staining. Three types of cells could be distinguished: apical branchless cells (20%), non‐apical branchless cells (20%) and non‐apical cells with one branch each (60%). Since both the apical and the branched cells possessed an e‐site, 80% of the cells must have been growing at the time of sampling.Combining detailed data obtained from both the alive and the stained mycelia a model was elaborated, which may reflect the events taking place on the cellular level during mycelial growth. The model is based on the assumption that each cell behaves as an independent unity with respect to its cell cycle. But, in contrast to the behaviour of single cell bacteria, in mycelia the two daughter cells formed upon division are neither equivalent nor uniform. Here, the sister cells differ in length, shape and possession of an e‐site. Only one of the daughter cells receives the e‐site of the mother cell, while the other starts its own cell cycle by generating a new e‐site at the cylindrical part of its envelope. Regarding the length of sister cells the degree of heterogeneity increases with the age of the corresponding region of the mycelium, and eventually some cells lose the ability to generate an e‐site, i. e. to grow.With this model the kinetic and structural peculiarities of the mycelial growth ofStreptomyces granaticol

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220507

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThein vitroantimicrobial activity of iremycin (10‐(α‐L‐rhodosaminyl)‐gamma‐rhodomycinone) was determined in comparison to that of doxorubicin, a 14‐hydroxy‐derivative of daunorubicin, which exhibited a strong antitumor activity and is useful in chemotherapy of human tumors. The MIC values determined by means of a standardized agar diffusion plate test indicated a lower antimicrobial activity of iremycinin vitroin comparison to that of doxorubicin. In contrast to doxorubicin, iremycin was highly active againstMycobacterium smegmatis, but fivefold less active than doxorubicin againstStaphylococcus aureus, sevenfold less active againstBacillus subtilis, and twentyfivefold less active againstCommamonas terrigena.Furthermore, iremycin was hundredfold less active against a highly sensitive permeation mutant ofPseudomonas aeruginosa.No inducing activity on prophages in lysogenicE. colicells was demonstrable for iremycin and no growth inhibition in the repair test was observable. In contrast, iremycin inhibited the multiplication of λ‐phages in the BIP test, but the MIC values of violamycin BI, doxorubicin and iremycin in this test system indicated that iremycin is twohundredfiftyfold less active than violamycin BI and tenfold less active than doxorubicin. No serum binding was demonstr

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220508

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220511

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220513

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2208    

DOI:10.1002/jobm.19820220501

出版商:Akademie‐Verlag    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY