摘要:

The Eurasian ‘brown frogs' are a morphologically conservative assemblage consisting of the EuropeanRana temporariaand a large number of similar species considered to be related. Although the chromosome number of the great majority ofRanaspecies is 26, there are several species of brown frogs (includingR. arvalis, R. chensinensis, R. omativentrisandR. dybowskii) which instead have 24 chromosomes. Yet comparative study of isozyme variation at 25 gene loci from these and seven other European, Caucasian, and east Asian species indicates that the 24‐chromosome brown frogs are not a monophyletic group. To the exclusion ofR. arvalis, the east Asian 24‐chromosome species form a distinct clade related to the 26‐chromosome speciesR. temporaria, R. dalmatina, R. japonica, andR. tagaimore closely than toR. arvalis.This result is reinforced by the comparative position of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) in the karyotypes of these frogs, as shown by NOR‐banding of metaphase chromosomes. The NOR is on chromosome No. 2 inR. arvalisbut on chromosome No. 10 in the other three 24‐chromosome species. The systematic positions of the Causasian species A.cameraniandR. macrocnemisrelative to the other species are unclear except that these frogs are distinct enough to be considered part of an outgroup clade. However, in general, the systematics of the entire brown frog group remains unresolved due to great genetic divergences between species and the evident homoplasy of the brown frog morphotype. The parallel origins of reduced karyotypes among the brown frogs demonstrate that caution should be exercised when judging systematic relationships based upon gross karyology in the absence of more detailed

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb01256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Astenocypris papyracea(Sars, 1903) has been found in paddyfields in Kerala, India. This is the first rediscovery of this enigmatic species since its original description from an unknown locality in Sumatra, almost 90 years ago.Astenocypris(the new name forLeptocypris) is a monospecific genus and, as the original description was incomplete, its exact taxonomic position has long been uncertain. Relying on the present redescription, we can confirm its allocation to the subfamily Cypricercinae, although a number of features hint at a relationship with the Isocypridinae.

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb01257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adults and immature stages of the mychothenine endomychidBystus decorator sp.nov.from Peru are described. All life stages occur together on rotting logs and feed on fungal spores. Larval debris cloaking and morphological adaptations associated with it are discussed in detail. Some larval setae are apically clubbed and barbed along the shafts to facilitate particle adhesion. Pronation of the thoracic lateral lobes bring the setae into contact with the substrate to gather particles of debris. The anatomy and functional morphology of the thoracic musculature is considered in the context of cloaking behaviour. Variations in debris cloaking behaviours among mychothenine endomychids are discussed and compared to other debris‐cloaking insect

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb01258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ten new cavernicolous Fulgoroidea species of the families Cixiidae and Meenoplidae are described from the Canary Islands:Cixius palmeros, C. pinarcoladus, C. ratonicus, C. tacandus, Memoplus claustrophilusfrom La Palma,C. ariadne, C. nycticolus, M. charonfrom El Hierro, andTachycixius crypticus, T. retrususfrom Tenerife. Notes on their ecology and distribution are given, and where possible, phylogenetic affinities to existing epigean species of the corresponding families are discussed. Despite the present‐day relict status of the majority of cavernicolous species, it cannot be concluded with certainty whether their evolution has followed allopatric or parapatric modes of speciatio

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb01259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb01256a.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY