摘要:

The six known Costa Rican species of the campoplegine ichneumonid genusCryptophionViereck are described and keyed. The distribution of species throughout Costa Rica is detailed based on data gathered by an intensive Malaise trap survey of the ichneumonids of the country. Five new species are recognized:C. espinozai. C. guillermoi, C. manueli. C. moragaiandC. tickelli, and a sixth,C. inaequalipes(Cresson) redescribed. The monophyly of the genus is demonstrated and the phylogeny of the Costa Rican species reconstructed. Host relationships have been established for all species in Costa Rica; they develop as koinobiont endoparasitoids of first to third instar larvae of Sphingidae or Saturniidae. Analysis of the host relationships from a phylogenetic perspective suggested that the genus first evolved using macroglossine sphingid larvae feeding on rubiaceous understorey plants as hosts, and subsequently diversified to utilize sphingine sphingids and ceratocampine saturniids feeding on a variety of food‐plants. Most species appear to be monophagous and oligophagy is apparently a derived feature of one sister‐species pair,C. espinozaiandC. manueli. In Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, only a small proportion of the species of Saturniidae and Sphingidae present are used as hosts byCryptophionspecies. No one host species is parasitized by more than oneCryptophionspecies. No species ofCryptophionis known to parasitize more than one host species feeding on any one plant species. The monophagous speciesC. inaequalipesis only known to develop in its sphingid host when that host is feeding on one of its two alternative food‐p

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1994.tb01477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of intraspecific variation in one of the most widespread and abundant terrestrial isopods in Europe,Oniscus asellus, is presented. It is concluded that previous attempts to describe intraspecific taxa in this species are invalid, but that the species is clearly divisible into two subspecies which differ in a number of features, including male sexual modifications. The nominal subspecies,Oniscus asellus asellusLinnaeus, 1758, is described in detail, and a neotype, collected from Uppsala, Sweden, where Linnaeus lived and worked, is designated.Oniscus asellus occidentalis ssp. nov. is also described, and reported as occurring in the far west of the species' range, in the British Isles, Ireland and France. Characters useful in distinguishing these two taxa are indicated and figured. Differences in the ecology of the two taxa are also noted,occidentalisappearing to be a relict Atlantic taxon, largely restricted to damp woodland. The existence of populations intermediate betweenasellusandoccidentalisis noted, and the features of these populations discussed in detail. A combination of geographical, environmental and laboratory breeding data suggest that these intermediates arise through hybridization between the two subspecies, this process of hybridization being accelerated by human activity, which brings the two taxa into frequent contact. It is suggested thatOniscus asellusmay provide an excellent model system for the study of the dynamics of hybrid zones.

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1994.tb01478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The discovery of new species, a study of the type material of already described species and an analysis of the literature data call for an extensive rearrangement of the Family Tethyidae, whose last revision dates from Burton (1924). The rearrangement proposed here attributes to the Family eight genera:TethyaLam. (type genus),Burtonitethya gen nov.,ColumnitisSchmidt,HalicomeiesTopsent,Stellitethya gen. nov., Tectnitethya gen. nov., Tethycometes gen. nov. andXenospongiaGray. The genusAaptosis excluded from the Tethyidae. Three of the new genera have been established for species previously attributed to the genusTethyaand two are new:Burtonitethya gemmiformis(Burton&Rao) andTethycometes sibogae sp. nov. Five species, previously attributed toTethya, are considered ‘incertae sedis’. An analytical key and discussion of the evolution of the family are inclu

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1994.tb01479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY