摘要:

The presumed amphiatlantic distribution ofLeptopontia cwmicaudaT. Scott, 1902 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) is reviewed and the species being redescribed on the basis of a single male from the Isle of Sylt. Examination of other material previously attributed toL. curvicauda, collected in South Carolina and a wide range of localities in northwestern Europe, resulted in the discovery of four new, morphologically similar species:L. dovporisp. no v.,L. flandricasp. no v.,L. punctatasp. nov.andL. americanasp. Nov. In addition, two new species,L. mediterraneasp. Nov. andL. breviarticulatasp. Nov. are described from the Mediterranean and the Galapagos archipelago, respectively.L. curvicauda sensuMarinov (1971) andsensuApostolov (1973) from the Black Sea andsensuKlie (1950) from Helgoland are regarded asspecies inquirendae.A revised diagnosis of the genusLeptopontiaT. Scott is presented.

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 222 specimens from 55 populations of short‐necked chelid turtle was collected from drainages in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Two populations were initially considered to belong to different diagnosable taxa if all individuals in one population could be distinguished from all individuals in the other by fixed allozyme differences. When two populations or diagnosable taxa shared allozymes at all presumptive loci, their profiles were combined into a single diagnosable taxon. Comparisons between populations and emerging diagnosable taxa were repeated until no further changes were possible. The speciesElseya dentatacomprised five clearly diagnosable taxa, differing by between 4 and 19 fixed allozyme differences. The currently recognizedEl. latisternumandEl. novaeguineaewere each a single diagnosable taxon, and there were three diagnosable taxa, including a sibling pair, that could not be assigned to a currendy describedElseyaspecies. In contrast, all forms ofEmydurawere very closely related, with no two taxa differing by more than three fixed allozyme differences. There were three diagnosable taxa in the north(Em. victoriae, Em. subglobosaand one new form), though support for them was marginal. In the south,Em. macquarii, Em. kreffliiandEm. signataformed only a single diagnosable taxon, even sharing rare alleles. If the phylogenetic species concept is adopted, there is support for recognition of 16 species of short‐necked turtle in Australia, includingPseudemydura umbrina.Currendy only 10 are described. Our data also provide evidence of reproductive isolation in some cases (sympatric or parapatric), and comparative evidence(sensuMayr) in others, than the traditional biological species concept applies also to these diagnosable t

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years the hypothesis that pterosaurs were the major sister‐group of dinosaurs and a closely‐linked hypothesis that pterosaurs evolved flight from the ground up have gained general acceptance. A cladistic analysis of the Archosauromorpha using characters presented by previous workers results in a single most parsimonious tree with the Pterosauria as the major sister‐group of the Dinosauria. However, that sister‐group relationship is supported only by a suite of hindlimb characters that are correlated with bipedal digitigrade locomotion in dinosaurs. In pterosaurs the characters have been interpreted as correlates of bipedal cursorial locomotion, arboreal leaping, or involvement of the hindlimb in the wing. The homology of those characters in dinosaurs and pterosaurs cannot be supported. Reanalysis of the data after exclusion of those hindlimb characters results in most parsimonious trees with the Pterosauria as the sister‐group of the Erythrosuchidae + Proterochampsidae +Euparkeria +Archosauria, in that order. This sister‐group relationship is supported by a diverse assemblage of functionally independent skeletal characters from all regions of the skeleton. The results of the analysis cast doubt on the hypothesis that pterosaurs evolved flight from th

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY