摘要:

Reptiles with two temporal openings in the skull are generally divided into two groups–the Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes,Sphenodon, ‘eosuchians’) and the Archosauria (crocodiles, thecodontians, dinosaurs, pterosaurs). Recent suggestions that these two are not sister‐groups are shown to be unproven, whereas there is strong evidence that they form a monophyletic group, the Diapsida, on the basis of several synapomorphies of living and fossil forms. A cladistic analysis of skull and skeletal characters of all described Permo‐Triassic diapsid reptiles suggests some significant rearrangements to commonly held views. The genusPetrolacosaurusis the sister‐group of all later diapsids which fall into two large groups–the Archosauromorpha (Pterosauria, Rhynchosauria, Prolacertiformes, Archosauria) and the Lepidosauromorpha (Younginiformes, Sphenodontia, Squamata). The pterosaurs are not archosaurs, but they are the sister‐group of all other archosauromorphs. There is no close relationship between rhynchosaurs and sphenodontids, nor betweenProlacertaorTanystropheusand lizards. The terms ‘Eosuchia’, ‘Rhynchocephalia’ and ‘Protorosauria’ have become too wide in application and they are not used. A cladistic classification of the Diapsida is given, as well as a phylogenetic tree which uses cladi

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Long‐standing taxonomic problems involving thevernaliscomplex of freshwater cyclopoid copepods of the genusAcanthocyclopshave now been largely resolved, at least in Europe. Two species,A. vernalisandA. robustus, are recognizable on unambiguous morphological criteria, but each shows variation of a simular kind. Ecological data confirm this distinction. Ecological preferences are themselves reflected by the distribution patterns displayed in a restricted, but not small, area encompassing a diversity of environments.A. vernalisis eurytopic but displays a preference for acidic, calcium‐poor waters, low in total ions, and is exclusively benthic. By contrastA. robustusdoes not colonize strongly acidic waters (min. pH 6.42) and is restricted to alkaline, or weakly acidic, nutrient‐rich habitats. In some situations it becomes pelagic. WhileA. vernalisextends throughout the area frequented byA. robustus, the latter fails to colonize large tracts of upland country for whichA. vernalisshows a definite preference and where it is common and wides

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A key is provided to the New World genera of Thripidae with nine‐segmented antennae.Psydrothrips kewigen. et sp. nov. is described, a discussion is given of the morphology of the Neotropical genera which it resembles, and keys to species are provide

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY