摘要:

The skull ol a new fossil reptile,Gephyrosaurus bridensisgen. et sp. Nov. is described. The description is based on a large collection of isolated, but well preserved skull bones from mammal‐bearing fissure infills of Lower Jurassic age. The skull is diapsid with an incomplete lower temporal arcade and a fixed quadrate. Comparison with earlier non‐archosaurian diapsid reptiles indicates thatGephyrosaurusis a member of the Eosuchia, an infraclass of the subclass Diapsida. The taxonomy of the Eosuchia and Squamata is discussed briefly and the use of streptostvly as a diagnostic squamate character is reviewed. Several Permian and Triassic genera, includingPaliguana, TanystropheusandKuehneosaurus, which were previously classified as squamates, are eosuchians.Gephyrosauruswas a small insectivore with large eyes and good hearing. It was diurnal and did not compete with the contemporary mammalsMorganucodonandKuehneotherium, which were noctur

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1980.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Colonial spiders have individual capture webs (territories) within a communally shared web structure. I describe here the life histories and colony population dynamics of two communal species,Ctrtophora moluccensis(Doleschall) (Araneidae) in Papua New Guinea andPhiloponella republicana(Simon) (Uloboridae) in the Panama Canal Zone. In both species, dispersal and foundation of new colonies are primarily by groups of immatures. Population growth of new‐colonies was rapid during the first generation, but then colony population size decreased markedly. Colonies ofP. republicanararely lasted more than one generation, whereas those ofC. moluccensisattained an equilibrium population size and often persisted for many generations at the same site. Reproduction occurred during the wet season inP. republicanacolonies and year‐round in colonies ofC. moluccensis.Reproduction was synchronized in widely separated colonies ofP. republicana.Factors controlling population growth and survival of colonies are discussed.Cyrtophora moluccensiscolonies were probably regulated by density dependant factors, especially predation and parasitism, and perhaps a shortage of flying insects due to colony visibility.Philoponella republicanacolonies were most likely limited by climatic conditions and instability of the habitat (i.e. density independent factors). Colonial social organization influences both dispersal and colony population growth. Coloniality is, however, compatible with various life history strateg

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1980.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Equid remains–mostly isolated teeth–from archaeological sites in Israel are described. Particular attention is paid to dental enamel fold morphology and criteria are established tor separating several Old World Quaternary equid species.Eauus hydruntinus, which is here considered a zebra rather than an ass, was present until 12,000 bp in northern Israel, while at the same timeE‐asinus/hemionusinhabited the arid regions in the south. Inirequent remains ofE. caballusare also described. By 4000 years ago ass, probably the domestic form, was present in northern I

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1980.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY