摘要:

An illustrated dichotomous key and synopses of the 32 genera of living pennatulacean octocorals are presented, which incorporate new morphological and distributional data from the examination of recendy collected material. In addition, a key to the 15 extant families, lists of valid genera, synonyms, and a table of comparative characters are also included. Lasdy, a revised classification and phylogenetic considerations are presented. Preliminary investigations indicate that the traditional higher classification scheme of the Pennatulacea is inadequate for reasons of paraphyly and intermediate taxa, that tend to negate precise distinctions between some of the nominal higher taxa. Of the approximately 436 described species of sea pens worldwide, only 186 (or 43%) are estimated to be valid. In addition, several undescribed species have recently been discovered, and others will no doubt be discovered in the future. It is therefore estimated that the extant pennatulacean fauna of the world comprises approximately 200 species in 32 genera.

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tropodiaptomus turkanaesp. nov.is described from Lake Turkana (formerly Lake Rudolph), Kenya. After years of confusion withT. banforanus, the identity of this taxon as an endemic of Lake Turkana is established. The species is described, and its relationship with otherTropodiaptomusspecies discussed.

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The functional significance of the retrolateral tibial apophysis (rta) on the male pedipalps in four spider species with different mating positions is investigated with the help of histological serial sections prepared after freeze‐fixing copulating pairs with liquid nitrogen. The results of this study, as well as most data in previous works, suggest that the rta is mostly used to fix the male pedipalp to the female epigyne in order to ensure the intromission of the sperm transferring embolus. This is in accordance with the female choice hypothesis on genitalia which predicts that species‐specific genital structures should directly or indirectly contact the female during copulation and thus be shaped by sexual select

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new phylogenetic analysis of early amniotes based on 124 characters and 13 taxa (including three outgroups) indicates that synapsids are the sister‐group of all other known amniotes. The sister‐group of Synapsida is Sauropsida, including Mesosauridae and Reptilia as its two main subdivisions. Reptilia is divided into Parareptilia and Eureptilia. Parareptilia includes Testudines and its fossil relatives (Procolophonidae, Pareiasauria and Millerettidae), while Eureptilia includes Diapsida and its fossil relatives(Pakothyrisand Captorhinidae). Parts of the phylogeny are robust, such as the sister‐group relationship between procolophonids and testudines, and between pareiasaurs and the testudinomorphs (the clade including procolophonids and testudines). Other parts of the new tree are not so firmly established, such as the position of mesosaurs as the sister‐group of reptiles. The new phylogeny indicates that three major clades of amniotes extend from the present to the Palaeozoic. These three clades are the Synapsida (including Mammalia), Parareptilia (including Testudines), and Eureptilia (including Sauria). In addition, the Procolophonidae, a group of Triassic parareptiles, are the sister‐group of T

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Biology of the Tardigrades, by Ian M. KinchinOecophorine Genera of Australia, Vol 1 The Wingia Group (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Monographs on Australia Lepidoptera 3, by Ian F. B. CommonParasitoids. Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, by H. C. J. GodfrayPredation and Defence amongst Reptiles, by J. L. Cloudsley‐ThompsonThe Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic, by A. R. PittawayThe Brackish Water Fauna of Northwestern Europe, by R. S. K. BarnesFishes of the World, by Joseph S. Nels

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY