摘要:

By using monoclonal antibodies, two-color immunofluorescence techniques and flow cytometry, we evaluated the surface marker phenotypes of lymphocyte subsets in cord blood samples from fetuses in the second trimester of pregnancy. The results indicate that cells of the T-, B- and NK-cell lineages as well as precursor cells can be detected in fetal blood at 18–20 weeks of gestation. At this stage of development, variable proportions of T and B lymphocytes express surface molecules, such as the CD1, CD 10, CD38, CD45RA, indicative of a precursor or ‘naïve’ state; on the other hand, the CD 5 7 molecule is not detectable on the membrane of NK and T cells, and the RO isoform of the CD45 leukocyte antigen is synthesized by a low percentage of T cells. We suggest that the observed phenotypic peculiarities of the lymphoid cells might be related to the easy induction of tolerance that occurs in the early ontogenetic stages of the immune

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263632

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 104 severely growth-retarded fetuses, the mean white blood cell count (WBC), as well as neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were reduced. Furthermore, the severity of the leucopenia was significantly related to the degree of fetal ‘smallness’ and anaemia. These findings suggest that leucopenia observed in growth-retarded neonates may be a consequence of intra-uterine starvation due to deficiency of haematin

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263633

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cerebral Doppler measurements seem to be a future method to evaluate the degree of fetal hypoxemia. The aim of this study was (1) to elaborate standard curves for the different cerebral vessels in our own population, and (2) to describe the predictive value of Doppler measurements for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and fetal acidosis. We recorded cerebral flow velocity waveforms from 71 normal pregnancies to establish standard curves for the following vessels: proximal middle cerebral artery, distal middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. Finally, we calculated the cerebroplacentar index (CPI) for each case. The predictive values from the different vessels were determined in 24 patients with IUGR and 17 cases with fetal acidosis. The poor sensitivity and the low positive predictive value of each cerebral vessel is probably explained by the rather long interval between the last Doppler assessment and delivery (22 ± 23 days). Reducing the interval to less than 7 days, the distal middle cerebral artery and the CPI were pathological in 4 cases out of 5 fetuses that underwent cesarean section for fetal distress. These latter results have encouraged us to use cerebral Doppler flow velocity to detect fetal hypoxemia. In conclusion, the middle cerebral artery blood flow in its distal part seems to be the finest parameter to predict fetal acidosis, and this vessel should be used to optimize obstetrical management of high-risk pregnancies

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263634

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By modification of the circulating pool of biliary acids, the administration of ursodesoxycholic acid has permitted the restoration of normal maternal hepatic function during a triple pregnancy complicated by the precocious onset of an intrahepatic cholestasis. The marked regression in clinical and biological markers of the disease confirms the role of biliary acids in the aggravation of hepatic abnormalities.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263635

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Until the recent introduction of therapeutic amniocentesis, pregnancies complicated by the stuck twin phenomenon usually suffered poor outcomes. We report the first case in which a single amniocentesis of the cotwin was followed by equalization of amniotic fluid volume in both sacs, resolution of nonimmune hydrops in the cotwin, and delivery of 2 healthy infants. The cause of the phenomenon in this was most likely severe twin-twin transfusion, based on a negative hematologic and serologic immune and nonimmune hydrops evaluation, and placental histology revealing a superficial large-caliber arteriovenous anastomosis joining the twins’ circulations without an intervening capillary bed. The mechanism proposed for the physiologic response in this case to therapeutic amniocentesis is based on the correction of abnormal amniotic fluid volumes and pressures. This contention is supported by histologic evaluation of the placenta and the intrapartum fetal heart rate tracin

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263636

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ultrasound evaluation of the fetus has become a vital part of prenatal care not only to detect abnormalities of fetal growth but to diagnose congenital anomalies, hydatidiform mole and ectopic pregnancy, to assess fetal well-being, and finally to provide ultrasound guidance for invasive procedures. This article will discuss the role of fetal ultrasonography as we head into the 1990s, the changing concepts of indications for ultrasound scanning, the increasing sophistication of the technique, and the types of anomalies detected by this imaging method.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263637

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured at 2–8 (median 4) weeks of age in 100 infants whose mothers had entered a randomized trial of amniocentesis versus chorion villus sampling (CVS) at 10–13 weeks gestation. At measurement all of the infants were well and none had respiratory problems. No significant difference was found in the FRC of infants whose mothers had undergone amniocentesis (n = 49) compared to those who had undergone CVS (n = 51). The 95% confidence intervals of the difference of the means of the amniocentesis group (29.7 ml/kg) and the CVS group (30.4 ml/kg) were ––1.17 and 2.52 ml/kg. Three patients in the amniocentesis group and 2 in the CVS group had an FRC < 24 ml/kg, which is below the 2.5th centile of the reference range. These preliminary results suggest that there is no difference in the effect on antenatal lung growth of these two first-trimester antenatal diagnostic pro

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263638

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263639

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263640

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263641

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger