摘要:

Innovations in testing emerging from the competency assessment movement offer counselors new capabilities in helping their clients to understand aspects of themselves and their problems, as well as to establish directions for development and improvement efforts. New types of tests and measures sample actual behavior more closely than testing instruments previously used: The characteristics they examine are closely linked to performance in a wide variety of jobs, and therefore provide increased focus of assessment on life outcomes. With this new degree of specificity and criterion referencing, implications for counseling, training, and development efforts emerge more clearly than with other forms of testing.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The constructive (in the sense ofconstruing) and developmental (but throughout the lifespan) framework, whose conceptual roots lie in the work of Piaget, outlines the holistic personality process of systems of making meaning, systems that organize human thought, feeling, and action. In this article Kegan discusses and then applies the model—to a worker in a CETA program and to a psychiatric ward patient—elucidating the perspectives—on mental health and employability—it can open for practi

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Swensen describes a general model within which various techniques of counseling and psychotherapy may be integrated. This model is based on Lewin's formula, B = f (P, E), that is, behavior is a function of the person and the environment. Therapists should assess both the personality of the client and the environment. Client assessment is based on the concept of ego development. The behavior of clients who are at simpler levels of ego development is determined largely by reward and punishment in the environment. As a consequence, professionals should direct therapy with these clients toward changing the reinforcement contingencies in the environment. On the other hand, behavior of clients at more complex levels of ego development is more self‐controlled. Therefore, therapy with these clients should concentrate on self‐directed and self‐controlled c

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Loevinger responds to Swensen on (a) the exact number of stages in ego development (or any other stage theory) (b) the importance of considering the client's ego level and that of counseling students (c) the need for more research on the optimum level for the counselor in relation to the client, and (d) the aims of therapy and psychoanalysis.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Failure of psychologists to provide a comprehensive and valid model of healthy growth that is related to the adaptive problems with which counselors are concerned has limited the usefulness of much psychological research to practitioners. A developmental dimensional model of maturing is presented that has received some transcultural and longitudinal validation. Specific principles, induced from such research and from existing psychological research more generally, provide guidelines about how to encourage healthy growth. Recent evidence demonstrates that the psychological maturity of an adolescent is one of the most powerful predictors of his adult mental health and vocational adaptation, and that adult maturity is a powerful predictor of vocational adaptation, sexual pleasure, and marital sexual compatibility.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY