ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An occupational career, ideally, consists of entry into a position at the lowest rung of a career ladder, followed by an orderly sequence of promotions to positions at successively higher status levels and finally to retirement. Approximately 85 per cent of American workers are employed by work organizations. These organizations create occupational career lines with graded steps in order to obtain and retain proficient and loyal officials and specialists. Research reveals that few American men outside the professions, management and the skilled crafts have had occupational careers. The work lives of others have been characterized by lack of commitment to any specific occupation. The pursuit of an occupational career involves a number of pivotal decisions, including early occupational choice and decisions at various occupational turning points. These decisions are not made in isolation. Others are almost always involved and frequently crucial decisions affecting one's career are made by others. Social science concepts, theories and empirical findings can be used to develop a relatively rational approach to career planning.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A psychological theory of work ought to account for a number of facets of work as related problems of psychological development and adaptation. Five phase or challenges in vocational development are discussed: (a) vocational choice as a complex evolutionary process of developing and modulating interests and aptitudes, (b) acquisition of vocational needs and skills as problems in integration and reality‐testing, (c) utilization of the vocational setting as an aspect of interpersonal attitudes and relationships, (d) performance dynamics as foci of attitudes toward productivity, creativity, gratification and guilt, and (e) vocational maturation as a crucial life process. Some aspects of psychoanalytic theory are suggested as guidelines for vocational assessmen

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hospital‐counselees, unlike student‐counselees, are generally more proximal to entry into an occupation, usually older, and have patterns of reaction more deeply engrained. They also have more family responsibilities, greater economic problems, more work experience, and are potentially qualified for a wider range of occupational choices. Under this set of circumstances, the selective use of projective techniques expands the clinical method so requisite for the critical vocational counseling process with hospitalized individuals to make their post‐hospital adjustment durable. The focus on the intimate, complicated relationship between personality functioning and the occupational role of the patient is sharpened by these techniques. They stroke in the many interiorities of the patient's portrait, and in conjunction with other appraisal methods, permits the achievement of more valid vocational plans and outcomes. Some brief indications of the use of clinical techniques in the vocational counseling of hospital patients are indi

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical techniques permit complex interpretations. The desirability of the latter is predicated upon the assumption that both conscious and unconscious conflicts interfere with decisions regarding vocational choice. Studies cited demonstrate personality differences between occupational groups within a psychoanalytic framework. Clients are helped to take their own feelings into account in making decisions by discussing their projective productions with them. Whereas Rorschach responses can only be introduced indirectly, Thematic Apperception Test responses are taken up directly with the client to lead him into new insights.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two approaches to vocational counseling, the trait‐factor model and the dynamic model are contrasted. The failure to obtain positive results in several now classic investigations involving the use of clinical techniques to predict occupational success and adjustment compared with the success of more traditional predictors suggests that uncritical utilization of the dynamic model is ill advised at the present time. Until some convincing evidence of the validity of the application of clinical techniques is available, it is recommended that the more economical and empirically validated techniques of the trait‐factor approach be relied u

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

2 groups of 25 subjects each were measured with the Gordon Survey of Interpersonal Values (S.I.V.), the Rosenzweig Picture‐Frustration Study (P‐F Study), and an Ideal Student Description Q‐Sort (ISD). 7 variables of the P‐F Study and the 6 scales of the S.I.V. were tested for significance by the t‐test. Chisquare and product‐moment correlation were used to analyze I.S.D. differences. Counselors and teachers showed significant differences beyond the .05 level of confidence on 5 of the 15 personality variables measured. Conclusions are: Counselors are (a) less conforming in behavior than teachers, (b) less ego‐defensive than teachers, (c) more benevolent than teachers, and (d) focus on sources of frustration more often

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb02843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY