摘要:

Much counseling practice is based on the concept of motivation as being a matter of client response to stimulus external to himself. Motivation is seen as a process of structuring external events to assist clients to arrive at prior and “proper” ends. The student is viewed as an organism to be made into something. Such a view does not take into account that man is always internally motivated. In the zeal to motivate students through the use of external stimuli there is a danger that we communicate to the student that he is not acceptable as heis.Before a client canbecomehe mustbe.To motivate students, counseling must be a process which enables the student to unlock internal stimuli. Clients move toward more adequate and personally satisfying behavior when their attitudinal structure is not externally challenged by the counselor, but is internally challenged by the cli

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of the literature and research in the behavioral sciences reveals three unique but related concepts: (a) developmental tasks, (b) vocational developmental tasks, and (c) psychosocial crises. Although these formulations are derived from three different disciplines and three different modes of thought, there is a great deal of similarity among them. The three formulations for the developmental stage of adolescence are amalgamated into a master synthetic construct and implications are drawn in terms of the short‐range goals, intermediate‐range goals, long‐range goals, and ultimate goals of gui

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most of what clients discuss about themselves in counseling is personal in nature although not necessarily secretive. Its being so arouses interest or concern over the activities and behavior of counselors in their professional work, among persons both directly and indirectly involved. Considerations of three sources of such interest or concern are presented: the community at large; the counselor's colleagues; and the counselor himself. These sources were termed legal, professional, and ethical, respectively.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The criteria for judging the success of counseling for any given client must be based on the requests of that client. Counseling consists of whatever ethical activities a counselor undertakes in an effort to help the client engage in those types of behavior which will lead to a resolution of the client's problems. Like all professional persons, the counselor may elect to limit the problems with which he works on the basis of his own interests, competencies, and ethical standards. Evidence is accumulating that a counselor can act effectively to promote career planning, improve test‐wiseness, increase social participation, increase deliberating and decision behavior, make test results acceptable, and modify unrealistic decisions. Accomplishment of clients' goals, not adherence to prescribed procedures, should be the mark of a successful counselo

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Holding mental ability and certain social status variables constant, a sample of bright adolescent boys from a suburban high school was divided according to academic grade average into three groups: underachievers, par achievers, and superior achievers. Mean scores were compared across these groups on scales from instruments designed as measures of interests, attitudes, or values. Significant differences between underachievers and superior achievers were found mainly on those scales postulated to measure adaptive aspects of ego functioning.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hypothesis that students who perceive a relationship with the teacher that is in the direction of an ideal psychotherapeutic relationship will make greater academic gains than those students who perceive a non‐therapeutic relationship with their teacher was confirmed with 86 sixth‐grade students but not with 76 ninth‐grade stu

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

8 high school counselors used 4 methods of interpreting test scores to 305 high school students—2 group techniques and 2 individual procedures—and results were compared with those for a control group. One of the individual techniques was a verbal report of the scores while the other used printed materials as a visual learning aid. An audio‐visual aid was used for one group technique while the second group procedure was a verbal discussion of aptitude test profiles. The dependent variables consisted of recall of obtained scores and personal acceptance of the several aptitude test scores. Analysis of variance applied to the sets of scores showed no significant differences in ability to recall scores. Personal acceptance of test scores was found to be significantly higher as a result of individual proce

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study tests the general hypothesis that academic performance is related to extremes in peer choice (high acceptance, high rejection, and neglect) of junior and senior high school students. The 3,917 students of 7 junior and senior high schools were tested sociometrically to measure peer choice. Academic performance of individuals who were highly accepted, highly rejected, neglected, and within a control group was studied. The findings support the hypothesis that academic performance is related to extremes in peer choice.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This was an investigation of the vocational behavior of male college graduates during their early work experiences. The career patterns of two alumni groups were identified and the influence of 41 factors on their vocational development were investigated and analyzed. The results of the pattern analysis reveal the following occupational trends: (a) 70 per cent of male college alumni remain in their initial occupational fields; (b) 25 per cent of the alumni have one or more exploratory jobs and then establish themselves in an occupational field in which they remain for three or more years; and (c) 5 per cent of the graduates never settle down into one occupational field. Correlations between the observed career patterns and the 41 variables are statistically significant in only a few cases. The study suggests that many of the factors will be important only at particular reference points in the careers of the college alumni.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article samples and analyzes teacher knowledge about attitudes toward, and utilization of school guidance programs. 208 secondary school teachers were selected to represent 18 secondary schools in a 4‐state area. These schools had functioning guidance programs under the direction of a certified counselor. Opinion‐type questionnaires were administered. Additional data were collected through follow‐up interviews. Findings are summarized and comparisons are made, where appropriate, with the results of an earlier study of pupil opinions of high school guidance pro

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY