ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An examination of various kinds and levels of criticisms enunciated against counseling and testing procedures. Five articles and a book criticizing counseling or testing were reviewed. The analysis of the articles and the book indicates that some charges do represent deficiencies in present professional conduct or training programs. Nonetheless, the critics of counseling and testing procedures often show a personal bias and use faulty logic. The conclusions of the article suggest that these criticisms identify some real weaknesses in testing and counseling. A psychoanalytic bias in test construction and failure to recognize the philosophical postures involved in counseling practice are cited. Membership in professional organizations, a clearer understanding of test construction, and some new considerations in counselor‐training are suggested as professional means to counter some of these charge

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An adaptation of decision theory was described for use in counseling about choice of college or of college curriculum. Its use requires that actuarial procedures be available for estimating probabilities of various levels of grades (events) at various colleges (alternatives). Actuarial procedures are available to all counselors for many colleges in at least two states. Values for the grades are determined by means of constant‐sum scaling. The procedure has been tried out on limited numbers of cases seen by the author and seems to be usable and helpfu

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis of engineers and engineering making use of a scheme of the gratifications that work can offer and of theories of personality development. Using previous analyses of the activities of engineers and psychometric and interview studies, the following characteristics were found: (a) concentrates on material products and practical outcomes; (b) adopts a clear masculine role and exhibits a strong identification with authority; (c) prefers the planful, orderly, and objective; (d) through specialization finds travel and adventure, shows daring, satisfies mainly impersonal curiosities, augments his physical powers, and acts in manners derivative of the male role. Concerning developmental influences some support is found for: (a) his father and mother being clearly differentiated in sex role; (b) vigorous enforcement of clear‐cut rules; (c) a close relationship between father and son; (d) an early emphasis on self‐reliance and achievem

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nine alternative methods were used to select National Merit Finalists for maximum achievement during the first year in college. Conclusions were: (a) Additional selection on aptitude using either the same or a different test does not appreciably improve selection for high‐level college performance. (b) Selection on the basis of high school rank produces students who demonstrate superior academic performance, but not necessarily other kinds of achievement. (c) Selection on the basis of a broad range of high school achievements results in a broad range of achievement in college without lowering the level of academic performance. (d) The addition to the high school achievement measures of personality and interest variables tends to decrease selection efficiency. (e) Committees analyzing all available measures may select students for academic achievement better than the best available objective method, but the evidence on this is not conclusive because of a difference in selection ratios. The selection committee, however, appears to be less effective than the best objective methods in identifying students with potential for extracurricular achievement in colleg

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A validation of Conant's proposition that “in the city slum … the problems are almost the reverse of those facing … the guidance officer of the rich suburban school.” Guidance personnel from schools typical of each category were asked to report the frequency with which clients presented a number of types of problems. In both city and suburb the preponderant client need was in the area of educational and vocational choice, and relationships with teachers, with no significant differences between the distributions. Distinct differences in frequency were found in problems less frequently presented. It was proposed that these differences could be understood within the framework of urban and suburban sociology, and suggestions were made for the training of guidance personnel dealing with these p

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To study the effects of study problems and anxiety on achievement relative to ability, scores on the California Mental Maturity Test, California Achievement Test, Counseling key of Brown Holzman Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes, and Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale on 66 seventh graders were examined. Discrepancies between achievement in reading, arithmetic and language with such achievements expected on the basis of the Intellectual States Index of the CMMT were correlated with study problems and anxiety scores. Correlations of achievement relative to ability with anxiety were low. Study problems explained such achievement moderately. Correlations were higher in a sample of girls. The use of the Brown Holzman Counseling key in studying achievement of seventh graders was found to be promising.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study explored differences in the ways that underachievers and achievers perceive themselves and their relationships to the world around them. Achiever and underachiever groups, each consisting of 25 high school junior boys who were 115 IQ or better, were administered an apperceptive device. Protocols were analyzed in terms of six continua of perception. The statistical analyses utilizing t and F tests (with a predetermined 5 per cent Alpha level) demonstrated very significant differences between the groups. Underachievers showed significant and consistent differences from achievers in that they:(a) Saw themselves as less adequate,(b) Saw themselves as less acceptable to others,(c) Saw their peers as less acceptable,(d) Saw adults as less acceptable,(e) Showed an inefficient and less effective approach to problems,(f) Showed less freedom and adequacy of emotional expressions.Suggestions are made of certain factors that may produce underachievement and certain possible directions for futu

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Stern Activities Index (SAI) was administered to 1,568 entering freshman students (945 males and 623 females) enrolling in 4 of the schools at Kansas State University. Product‐moment correlations were computed between predicted grade‐point average (GPA), obtained GPA, the difference between predicted and obtained GPA, and each of the 30 SAI need scales. 10 SAI scales were found to consistently correlate significantly with predicted GPA. A similar group of 9 SAI scales was found to consistently correlate significantly with obtained GPA. However, only 1 SAI scale was found which consistently correlated significantly with the difference between predicted and obtained GPA. Even though the relationship of this one scale was significant, meaningfully it was a low relationship. The possibility that scholastic aptitude measures may be confounded by personality aspects was discus

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1964.tb02707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY