摘要:

Much counseling theory insists on the counselor's playing an essentially non‐evaluative role in which he keeps himself personally aloof from his client. This article suggests that an active position with relatively high personal involvement is more appropriate in the light of counseling's most desirable goal. That goal is neither insight in the usual sense nor problem‐solving. Rather, it is personal development or what may be called the cultivation of the examined life. Such an objective is facilitated by the clinician's using himselfin his professional roleas a kind of model, much as a good parent serves as a profitable object of identification for his children. Some attributes of the counselor's professional role, so conceived, are discussed, and the function of counseling as a stimulus to personal development is analy

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results of two studies by the authors demonstrate the utility of the cumulative record as a source of data for the prediction of behavior. In their separate analyses of behavioral descriptions and ratings of children by teachers, the authors found that personality descriptions written for the cumulative record from 6 to 30 years previously were related to adult psychiatric diagnosis and young‐adult measured interest patterns. Such descriptions also conformed to theoretical expectations regarding the schizoid personality and were consistent with personality correlates of vocational interest patterns shown in other research. Based on the findings of these studies, several recommendations for the improvement of the cumulative record were mad

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The subjects in this study all had been students at the University of Minnesota during the 1930's. In a current study they were asked, “Are your interests typical of others in your field?” 212 said Yes, 102 said No. The “Yes” group scored higher on the Hoppock Job Satisfaction Blank, but there were no differences between the groups in general satisfaction with life. Data from several sources suggested that the “No” group was more avocationally oriented; the “Yes” group more vocati

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The many problems involved in incorporating guidance into the new comprehensive nine‐year schools in Norway are discussed. The democratic rationale for guidance services and their development in this small, homogeneous country are described. Comparisons are made with American guidance and counseling, and the Norwegian interpretation of “counselor role” as being primarily educational, vocational, and developmental is delineated. Reactions of students, parents, administrators—and counselors themselves—in some of the experimental schools around the country are presented. Aspects of counselor education are considered and progress toward implementation of guidance in the experimental schools is reported, with attention given to some of the limitations and difficulties in adapting the “uniquely American” counselor into the Norwegian

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Inferred value hierarchies were judged from the protocols of interviews conducted with 111 boys and girls in 8th, 10th, and 12th grade. The changes observed in these value hierarchies were analyzed over the 5 years of development. Enough early maturity and constancy in the typal hierarchies of vocational values over 5 years of adolescence has been shown to warrant further investigation of Ginzberg's theoretical position that values do not play an important role in early vocational development. The authors contend that the constancy indicates a maturity of self‐concepts early in the 8th grade sufficient enough to justify close attention for counselors at that time, while shifts in values of some students testify to a healthy maturation during adolescence. Although some sex differentiation occurred in the typical hierarchies, it is contended that similarities in the data outweigh differences, and the boys and girls appear to be rather alike in their employment of vocational value categorie

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

196 7th and 8th grade girls and their parents were administered a value‐orientation (VO) instrument. Measures of fathers' occupational level, girls' intelligence, school achievement, number of indicated problems (Mooney), and both vocational and training aspiration levels were obtained. Parents and daughters agreed that a good income and a secure future were important, and that being helpful to others, working with things, and being free from supervision were unimportant. More‐intelligent, higher‐achieving girls with fewer problems wanted to pursue a vocational goal bringing intrinsic satisfaction and viewed higher education as incompatible with this goal. Conversely, less‐intelligent, low‐achieving girls were less concerned with self‐expression and aspired to educational goals which appeared unrealistic in light of their educationa

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Centers' Job Values and Desires questionnaire was used to study the occupational value preferences of university students. Singer and Stefflre had previously used the same instrument to study the job values of high school senior boys and girls. Centers studied the job values of a sample of adult men. In the present study, the job value preferences of University of Illinois sophomore men (122) and women (137) were systematically compared with the findings of Centers and Singer and Stefflre. Many significant differences in occupational values among the various sex and age samples were found. The limitations and findings of the study are discussed.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship of parents' socio‐economic status to Navy occupation was determined for 1,060 naval personnel in 16 occupational categories. Officers were significantly higher on the socio‐economic index than enlisted men, and when Navy enlisted rates (jobs) were grouped into 2 broad categories, white‐collar and blue‐collar, the white‐collar group scored significantly higher on the index than the blue‐collar. The observed differences in socioeconomic background among Navy occupational groups suggests possible concomitant variations in value systems, achievement strivings, and personalit

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Client ratings of counselors seldom have been investigated as a source of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of counseling. This research was designed to produce a brief but reliable and valid scale for client use. A 68‐item Counseling Evaluation Inventory was developed and studied for item social favorability and was factor analyzed. Three factor scales were identified, refined by item analysis and, for each of 21 critical items retained, scoring weights for all responses were determined. All three factor scales and the Inventory total score demonstrated significant test‐retest stability, and discriminative and/or congruent validity for a selected provisional criter

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Male and female residence‐hall and commuter freshman students were compared on the basis of their expressed personal problems, study habits, and reading skills. The two groups of commuters had a significantly greater number of problems than the two groups of residence‐hall students on the Mooney Problem Check Lists sub‐areas: Finances, Living Conditions, and Employment; and Home and Family. The two groups of commuters had significantly lower scores than the residence‐hall students on the Cooperative English Test—Reading Comprehension (Coop): Vocabulary. There were no significant differences between the commuter and the residence‐hall students in regard to (a) their Cooperative sub‐scores: Level of Comprehension and Speed of Comprehension, (b) their scores on the Brown‐Holtzman Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes, (c) the number of students who worked for pay or participated in extracurricular activities, and (d) the number of students who desired to talk with a counselor about a personal, educational, or voc

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1965.tb03517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY