摘要:

Counselors and those responsible for the construction and maintenance of vocational interest inventories need to be aware of change in interest patterns over time within occupational groups. That issue is explored here for the SVIB by asking three questions: first, do the SVIB scales developed in the 1930's hold up in cross‐validations today? Answer: yes, they appear to. Second, when various SVIB scales have been revised, have the revised scales differed drastically from the originals? Answer: not much; in a few instances, there has been no change whatsoever. Third, do the people who today hold exactly the same jobs as those held by Strong's criterion groups of the 1930's have the same interest patterns as the original group? Answer: yes, at least in one occupation, i.e., bankers. Further speculation suggests that men with similar interest patterns have sifted into similar occupations throughout recorded histor

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The continuing engagement between counseling and philosophy leads to the examination of three basic aspects of counseling communication from the perspective of philosophic understanding. These are: privateversuspublic; presentversuspast; and contentversusstructure. An examination of these three aspects indicates that counselors may well benefit from increased knowledge of the manner in which philosophers are currently dealing with matters that relate to counseling communication.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two recommendations from a recent statement of standards for counselor education are examined for underlying philosophical assumptions. The first recommendation, that counselors should possess ability for and conduct scientific research, assumes that the counseling process is lawful and orderly, that theoretical concepts can be operationally defined and that empirically testable predictions can be derived from counseling theories. A second recommendation suggests that counselors‐in‐training be selectively admitted and retained. Underlying this recommendation is the assumption that counseling is a process of influence that can be evaluated. Such evaluation must be based on conditions outside the counseling relationship, in the social context of the life of the client. The serious implications of these assumptions are illustrated and discus

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Subjective and objective scales designed to assess Herzberg and Hamlin's (1961) motivation and hygiene constructs were given to 133 male university freshmen. On the basis of ACT scores and responses to a university admission form, they were classified into groups having no vocational preferences (NP), non‐realistic preferences (NRP), and realistic preferences (RP). NRP and RP groups were more motivation oriented than NP group, and on one scale NRP group was more hygiene oriented than RP group. A group of 34 male clients was more motivation oriented than NP group. With ACT scores partialled out, grade‐point average was correlated positively with endorsement of certain “motivator” job incentives and negatively with endorsement of some “hygiene” incentives. The findings and theory are suggested as relevant to vocational and educational

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three groups of entering college freshmen, possessing varying degrees of identification of educational‐vocational goals, were compared on a variety of personality, achievement, aptitude, school, and family factors. The major differences indicated that the most undecided group was more dependent than the other two groups, but equal to the most decided group in academic achievement, while a middle, or tentatively decided group, was not as successful academically as the most and least decided groups. These findings suggest that educational‐vocational indecision has at least two dimensions. A need for different counseling approaches in dealing with uncertain students depending upon the antecedents of their uncertainty is lik

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of 89 male students at a small liberal arts college tested the hypothesis that a student whose statement about vocational and/or academic goals expressed certainty and whose grade‐point average was below a 2.00 at the end of one year would probably not graduate. The hypothesis had both statistical and practical significance since loss from this group was 75 per cent compared to an average loss of 37.1 per cent (Test of Proportions, z = 2.766, P = .0028

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

100 randomly selected four‐year institutions with very low freshman dropout rates were compared with a comparable group of institutions that had freshman attrition rates that were not “low,” in order to determine whether the two types of institutions differed in respect to 22 selected variables. It was found that colleges with low freshman dropout rates did differ significantly from the comparison group on 15 of the 22 characteristics analyzed. 10 of the 15 variables were personal (i.e., they related to student characteristics), whereas the remaining 5 were nonpersonal (e.g., the size of the institution and the cost of attending it). The general conclusion reached was that administrators who seek to understand and to cope with the freshman dropout problem must take into consideration both personal and nonpersonal factors associated with the phenomenon of freshman attr

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We use our own culture as a basis for interpreting the behavior of others and their failure to make responses we expect. Sometimes the nature of the problem soon becomes apparent but in other situations the causes may remain invisible. Certain problems may relate particularly to two characteristics of Latin American countries: the absence of our “puritanical” tradition and the presence of an elaborate system of “extended family” relationships we do not have. Counseling and guidance specialists may be affected by (1) the fact that teacher‐pupil relationships include less of the “surrogate parent” element than in the U.S.; (2) difficulties students encounter in moving from one career choice to another; (3) the power of student organizations; and (4) an expectation that the specialist will provide definitive advice rather than help the studentsolve his own problems.Many Latin American students have negative images of North Americans; they “remember” history and tend to think in longer time blocks than are customary with us. A 10‐year aid program, for example, may be seen as a

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03832.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study, apparently the first of its kind, investigates the activities of the specialized school counselor in the elementary and secondary schools of Ohio. The specialized counselor was defined as a certified counselor who spent at least one‐half of his professional time performing the activities related to a single area of guidance, such as educational or college guidance. Questionnaires were sent to three groups of educators—guidance directors, specialized school counselors, and counselor educators. Participants in the study were asked to provide information relative to the nature and needs of specialized counseling. The data seem to show indications of an increase of specialization in counseling. The functions of such specialists are repor

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data concerning women undergraduates' social regulations in a selected number of coeducational colleges and universities were collected in order to identify liberal regulations in use or under consideration in these institutions grouped according to size, control, and regional location. The collected information supported considerable liberalization in the areas of room and apartment visiting, off‐campus living, clothing, sign‐out, curfew hours, and coeducational residence halls. Larger respondent institutions' regulations and those of Western institutions evidenced the most liberalization, while regulations of public‐control and private‐control institutions were considered equally

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY