摘要:

Assumptions are presented that might permit the counselor simultaneously to (1) assume that human behavior is completely determined by causal factors and (2) provide an atmosphere for choice to take place, encourage students to make choices, reward students positively if he thinks best—in short, to carry on the usual range of counseling activities. The deterministic assumption has not been empirically proven or refuted, but it appears to be both internally consistent and not in conflict with any customary counseling approache

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concept of predictability is examined and its relevance for testing and counseling is assessed. Two types of studies, those designed to evaluate the concept, and research on deviant achievement suggest its potential value for test research and practice. Predictability, as such, has not been investigated in counseling, although many counselors realize that while some counselees move in expected directions (not necessarily “good”), others do not. To better understand the factors involved, counselors could make predictions and later compare them with actual results. Ethical problems arise, however, when “no help” or “harm” is predicted. Several types of research having implications for prediction of predictability a

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research is concerned with the question of differential predictability of handicapped and non‐handicapped subgroups. The specific question posed was: Is the performance of non‐handicapped subgroups of skilled, clerical, and non‐skilled workers more predictable than that of handicapped subgroups when aptitude measures are used as predictors? Correlations between scores on selected scales of the GATB and a composite performance criterion were obtained for each of the subgroups. Results showed a pattern of consistently lower validities for the handicapped which suggests that aptitude measures typically used in selection may not be appropriate for the handicapped, and that validity coefficients may be diluted by the inclusion of this subgroup with the non‐handicapped in validity

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

6 proposals were suggested as a guide to interest‐experimentation and test construction. (1) An adequate theory of interests should be developed and used as a guide for experimentation and test construction. (2) Basic unitary variables should be identified. Factor analytic evidence was presented for 6 well‐established interests measured by the SVIB, KPR, and KIT. (3) Relationships of basic interest variables with other personality variables should be identified. (4) Academic achievement should be a major criterion variable. Data were presented showing significant interest correlations with college grades, interacting with test characteristics. (5) Experiments should investigate multiple variables and their interactions. (6) Only after implementation of the previous proposals should investigations consider antecedent conditions, genetic factors, and learning proces

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between the occupational preferences of 147 superior students and their fathers' occupations was traced over the 4‐year period that the students attended high schools in Wisconsin. Analysis of the data indicated that both male and female superior students tended to state vocational preferences at the professional level early in high school and to maintain this preference throughout. Their occupational preferences were generally at a higher level than those of their fathers. There was no trend away from general preferences for work at a professional level toward naming of specific occupations within that level. The results suggest that theories of vocational development that imply that stages are passed through during later adolescent periods do not apply to the superior student population of this stud

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some of the controversy concerning the efficacy of psychotherapy or counseling has been resolved by recent evidence that studies reporting no effects had indiscriminately lumped together the high and low therapeutic conditions that are associated with successful and unsuccessful outcomes. The present study extends these findings to a group of essentially neurotic underachieving college freshmen. The 24 experimental students who received group counseling showed greater improvement in grade‐point average than 24 matched, non‐counseled control subjects. Further, those counseled subjects who received the highest therapeutic conditions tended to show the greatest improvem

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was a comparison of 92 high‐achieving gifted girls with 97 high‐achieving gifted boys on measures of cognitive thinking, classroom expressiveness, self‐concept, and attitudes. These secondary school boys were significantly more expressive than the girls on all classroom variables. Written tests of similar abilities revealed no differences except that the girls werebetterat giving solutions to hypothetical problems. Differences found in self‐concept and attitudes of the present sample supported the conclusions drawn by Kagan that intellectual aggressiveness is seen, in part, as a masculine counterpart and that this type of behavior when visible, as in the classroom discussion, may well raise anxiety and inhibit the gifted girl from full expression. The part played by sex‐role expectations in inhibiting the free expression of intellectual power of girls in academic settings and later life would seem to warrant much further investigation. The expressive range of performance within sex groups also represents an important area for inve

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nature of preparation of student personnel workers is currently under discussion. Because of the variety of settings within higher education in which student personnel workers function and the specialized nature of their functions, their preparation should be different from counseling psychologists. Consideration is given to the possible conflicting nature of the student personnel worker's commitment to the institution and his commitment to individual students. The inadequacy of a philosophy of counseling based on radical individualism is discussed. An attempt is made to formulate a consistent and integrated rationale for student personnel work. The position is taken that education as a counselor, based upon an adequate philosophy of individual development within lines that will benefit the whole society, is crucial to adequate functioning as an effective student personnel worker.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some of the fundamentals basic to a theory and practice of developmental counseling with the elementary school child are set forth. Pertinent child development research is cited that implies the need for developmental counseling with normal children. The value of this counseling in the elementary school setting is in facilitating the total learning process. Unique factors of this counseling, including short‐term service, focus on developmental problems, and the establishment of goals, are described. Principles for working with children in the counseling process are discusse

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY