ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Preoperative and intraoperative information about patient status was collected for 66 general surgical patients receiving general anesthesia who had independent objective measurements of postoperative morbidity. Data included information collected during preoperative patient visits, such as age, blood pressure, and ASA physical status scores. Intraoperative information was of two types: 1) manually recorded descriptors of the operative course, such as blood loss and duration of operation, and 2) heart rate and blood pressure recorded every one or two minutes by an automatic patient-monitoring system. The postoperative outcome was assessed by each patient's senior nurse, who assigned a weighted morbidity score to each of six organ systems during a structured interview on the seventh postoperative day.No hospital death occurred in the series. A third of the patients were scored as having experienced some postoperative morbidity. Six of the 64 manually collected preoperative descriptors were significantly associated with positive morbidity scores. These variables related to preoperative hypertension and duration of operation. Fifty of a series of 190 statistical descriptors of the anesthetic course were associated with morbid outcomes. Statistics that described the variability of intraoperative cardiovascular status were most often found to have significant associations with postoperative morbidity.Using all information available at the end of anesthesia, a discriminant function that correctly predicted outcome for 83 per cent of the patients was developed. Variability of intraoperative physiologic status was shown to be an important predictor of morbid outcome. Eventually, outcome predictions such as these may be used to assign different postoperative therapeutic regimens to different patients, depending on need and expected outcome.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The instillation of gastric contents, 0.5 ml/kg (pH 4.3), containing small food particles into the left diaphragmatic lobe of the lungs of 49 rabbits caused severe aspiration pneumonitis. Administration of methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly, every eight hours for three days to 26 of the 49 rabbits did not alter the rate of roentgenographic resolution of the pneumonitis. Corticosteroids did decrease the fibroblastic response of the lung to the aspirate, but also interfered with healing of granulomatous lesions.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A simplifiedin-vivobioassay system was used to test the carcinogenic potential of halothane in Swiss/ICR mice. Halothane was tested only at its maximum tolerated dose, and histologic examination was performed only on tumor masses and other grossly abnormal tissues found at necropsy. Two groups, each of 15 timed pregnant mice, were exposed to either halothane, 500 ppm (0.05 per cent), or compressed air for two hours on days 10–19 of pregnancy. Five days after birth the offspring were similarly exposed, three times weekly, for 78 weeks. After a ten-week, no-treatment, observation period, all remaining mice were examined by necropsy. Mice dying or killed inextremisbefore final sacrifice at 88 weeks of age also underwent complete gross necropsy unless extensive cannibalism or autolysis precluded examination. The incidences of malignant tumors, hepatomas or nodular hyperplasias, and benign tumors in halothane-treated mice were 7, 6, and 20 per cent, respectively; there were similar incidences of these lesions in control animals. It is concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, lifetime administration of halothane at its maximum tolerated dose is not associated with an increased incidence of neoplasia in Swiss/ICR mice.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of halothane and enflurane on the dopaminesensitive adenylate cyclase and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-phosphodiesterase in the homogenate of rat caudate nuclei were determined. Halothane, in concentrations of 2 and 5 vol per cent, increased adenylate cyclase activity by 16 (P < 0.005) and 26 (P < 0.001) per cent, respectively, above a mean basal value of 316.5 ± 8.8 pmol cAMP/mg protein/3 min. Enflurane, in concentrations of 3 and 5 vol per cent, increased adenylate cyclase activity by 11 (P < 0.05) and 22 (P < 0.02) per cent, respectively, above a mean basal value of 343.9 ± 10.4 pmol cAMP/mg protein/3 min. The activity of adenylate cyclase already stimulated by dopamine (even with the maximally-stimulating concentration) was further increased by both anesthetics, suggesting that the anesthetics and dopamine activate the enzyme at different sites. Haloperidol and droperidol, known dopamine receptor blockers, reversed the effect of halothane or enflurane on the adenylate cyclase. The antagonistic effect of haloperidol on anesthetic-induced adenylate cyclase activity is probably not related to its property to inhibit dopamine effect. Both Km forms of cAMP-phosphodiesterase were significantly depressed by halothane (3 vol per cent) and enflurane (5 vol per cent). The results suggest that an action of halothane and enflurane on the enzymes of the cAMP system, altering the response of the postsynaptic membrane to the transmitter substance, may be related to some of their effects on the process of chemical transmission.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Addition of glucose (16.7 mM) to isolated pieces of rat pancreas increased insulin secretion 5.4-fold over basal secretion rates. Ether at 1, 1.5 and 2 MAC inhibited this insulinogenic effect of glucose in a dose-related manner by 5, 18 (P < 0.01) and 29 (P < 0.01) per cent, respectively.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In seven pregnant ewes, 3–5 min of hypotension resulting from spinal anesthesia decreased uterine blood flow 17 per cent. Dopamine, in doses sufficient to maintain blood pressure at control values (20–40 µg/kg/min) for 3–5 min, further decreased uterine blood flow to 56 per cent less than control and increased uterine vascular resistance to 50 per cent more than control. Following 30 min of hypotension, 30 min of dopamine administration in doses sufficient to restore blood pressure to control values (5–20 µg/kg/min) similarly decreased uterine blood flow to 29 per cent less than control and increased uterine vascular resistance to 35 per cent more than control

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serum bromide levels were measured in 115 anesthetists by use of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Bromide levels peaked at 184 ± 21 µM in anesthetists regularly exposed to halothane (n = 20), at 58 ± 4 µM in anesthetists sporadically exposed to halothane (n = 71), and at 46 ± 3 µM in nonexposed anesthetists (n = 24). Kinetic studies were carried out in five other anesthetists after ten days of exposure to halothane. Average daily halothane concentration was 19.2 ± 3.2 ppm; duration of exposure was 3.8 ± 0.2 hours/day. Mean serum bromide level increased from 40 ± 4 µM before exposure to 220 ± 36 µM on the last day of exposure. Serum bromide half-life was 14 ± 1.7 days. The study demonstrates that anesthetists debrominate halothane in a doserelated fashion. Serum bromide levels achieved, however, were far below those reported to result in clinical bromism.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Based upon clinical observation of undue prolongation of pancuronium- induced blockade in the presence of intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin, neuromuscular blockades produced by pancuronium, succinylcholine andd-tubocurarine were studied in 51 cats using the sciatic–gastrocnemius nerve–muscle preparation. Pancuronium-induced blockade was found to be significantly prolonged (P < .01) in the presence of a nitroglycerin infusion of 1 µg/kg/min (65vs.127 min). Less, but still significant, prolongation occurred when nitroglycerin, 0.5 µg/kg/min, was infused. The intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin must be started prior to the pancuronium injection for the block to be prolonged. Neuromuscular blocks produced by succinylcholine andd-tubocurarine were not altered by nitroglycerin. In experiments using the isolated rat diaphragm preparation, the depth of pancuronium-induced block was found not to be changed by nitroglycerin, suggesting an effect of nitroglycerin on the process of recovery from blockade. These findings indicate a selective pancuronium-nitroglycerin interaction.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID