ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To define the utility of high-dose barbiturate therapy following an episode of complete global cerebral ischemia, we investigated the effects of 60 mg/kg of thiopental given to cats five minutes after resuscitation from 12, 14, or 16 min of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). All aspects of the arrest, resuscitation, with post-arrest care were carefully controlled, with the EEG becoming isoelectric 20–25 s after the onset of VF, a 89–91 per cent rate of successful resuscitation, with an overall mean resuscitation time of 2.5 ± 0.2 (SEM) min. For any given duration of VF, there were no differences (controlvsthiopental) in any pre- or post-arrest parameters (blood pressure, blood gases, electrolytes,etc.) A total of 68 resuscitated cats were entered into various treatment and control groups, and all but one group received 20–24 h of post-resuscitation paralysis, mechanical ventilation, and ICU support before being extubated. Cats received an additional six days of aggressive nursing care, and daily examinations were performed with the assignment of a neurologic deficit score (NDS) between 0 (normal) and 100 (brain dead). Autopsies were performed to determine the cause of death in animals which died before the end of the seven-day observation period.The early post-arrest period was marked by the occurrence of repetitive, rhythmic bursts of high-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity (? seizures) in 38 per cent of control animals (16/42, all arrest times combined). Ten of these animals died as a result of severe neurologic injuries. By contrast, only 12 per cent of treated cats (3/26) developed similar EEG patterns (P< 0.05) and there were no neurologic deaths in the thiopental groups. The differences in the incidence of neurologic deaths (controlvs.thiopental) was significant (P< 0.02). The change in overall mortality did not quite reach significance (36 per centvs.21 per cent), and treatment had no effect on the incidence of deaths due to cardiovascular causes (e.g.,myocardial infarctions).In spite of the effects on mortality, treatment had no effect on the neurologic function ofsurvivors(assessed by NDS). These findings suggest that thiopental improved survival rates by suppressing an unusual post-arrest EEG pattern (? anticonvulsant effect), but had no additional cerebral protective effects.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of pentobarbital on synthesis of lung proteins was investigated, both when administered alone and in combination with halothane. When rat lungs perfusedin situwith Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing plasma levels of 19 amino acids, 690 μM phenylalanine, 5.6 mM glucose, and 4.5 per cent fraction V bovine serum albumin were exposed to pentobarbital, a dose-related inhibition of [14C]phenylalanine incorporation into protein was observed, with a maximal inhibition (74 per cent) at a pentobarbital concentration of 324 μg/ml. Halothane (1–4 per cent equilibrated with O2/N2/CO2, 4:15:1) also rapidly inhibited synthesis of lung proteins in a dose-dependent manner. At the maximally effective concentration of pentobarbital, exposure of the lungs to halothane enhanced the inhibition of protein synthesis; halothane concentrations ranging from 1 to 4 per cent were equally effective. Furthermore, when lungs were exposed to a combination of pentobarbital (100 μg/ml) and halothane (1 per cent) at doses which had no effect when given alone, protein synthesis was inhibited 35 per cent (P< 0.001). Thus, the metabolic effects of the anesthetics were potentiated when the drugs were administered in combination. The inhibition of protein synthesis by pentobarbital (324 μg/ml), with or without 4 per cent halothane, was fully reversible. A similar inhibitory effect of pentobarbital was observed in perfused rat hearts.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serum levels of inorganic fluoride, trifluoracetic acid, and bromide ion were measured at various time intervals following two hours of halothane anesthesia in 17 morbidly obese and eight nonobese patients. Ionic fluoride, a marker of reductive halothane metabolism, increased in the obese but not the nonobese patients. This is of concern since reductive halothane metabolism is associated with hepatoxicity in animals. In addition, serum bromide levels were higher after 48 h in the obese patients compared to the nonobese patients (mean ± SE, 1,311 ± 114vs.787 ± 115 μM, P < 0.01). Sedative levels of bromide were not attained in any patient. Peak trifluoracetic acid levels were similar in the two patient groups. Sex, age, medication intake, and smoking history had no influence on the halothane metabolite levels found in this study.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A constantly coupled bigeminal arrhythmia was induced in dogs anesthetized with thiopental–halothane by infusion of epinephrine (1 μg · kg-1· min-1). The site of origin of the abnormal beat was localized to the interventricular septum by bipolar recordings from the left and right ventricular epicardium and two sites in the septum. Simultaneous echocardiograms showed early movement of the septum with a pattern similar to that seen in left bundle branch block. Stimulation at the recording sites resulted in movement patterns which indicate that assessment of septal and posterior left ventricular motion can be helpful in localization of the origin of ventricular arrhythmias, although only with left ventricular arrhythmias is there potential for anatomic localization to a small area of muscle.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Beagie dogs were sedated with intravenous pentobarbital ventilated for 46 h with either spontaneous ventilation (SV), controlled ventilation (CV), or controlled ventilation with 10 cmH2O end-expiratory pressure (CV + PEEP). Throughout the study period saline (0.45 per cent with added KCl) was infused at 120 ml/h. The influence of ventilatory mode on the accumulation and organ distribution of body water during continuous fluid loading was determined. Five animals were studied with each ventilatory mode. In all groups body weight increased, but with SV weight increase began only after 28 h and increased by 7.2 per cent of body weight by 46 h. With CV the weight increase was continuous and was 9.2 per cent of initial body weight at 46 h. With CV + PEEP the increase was earlier and greater reaching 22 per cent by 46 h. Radioisotopic analysis of total body water, extracellular water, and plasma and erythrocyte water demonstrated that the body weight increase was due to water retention principally in the extracellular compartment.Postmortem analysis of the major body organs for water and albumin distribution demonstrated increased water in the muscle and subcutaneous tissue of the CV + PEEP group that accounted for the total difference in water retention compared to the SV or CV animals. Organ extravascular albumin content varied relatively little between ventilatory modes.Ventilation with increased mean intrathoracic pressure was accompanied by marked and prolonged fluid retention. In these otherwise healthy dogs the water accumulation was confined to sites that appeared unlikely to interfere with organ function.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of low potassium diets with and without deoxycorticosterone (DOCA), furosemide, chlorothiazide, or ethacrynic acid on sensitivity of isolated guinea pig lumbrical nerve-muscle preparations tod-tubocurarine was examine. The ED50ofd-tubocurarine was found to fall as the potassium level was lowered by dietary restriction. Addition of DOCA or furosemide was without effect while chlorothiazide reduced and ethacrynic acid enhanced the effect of diet alone. Acute restoration of potassium levels to 5.9 mM reversed considerably, but not completely, the effect of chronic depletion. Thus, a patient suffering from chronic potassium depletion would be expected to require a decreased dose ofd-tubocurarine, and although acute replacement of potassium preoperatively would tend to return the dose requirement toward normal, such reversal might not be complete.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The measurement of extravascular lung water by a double-indicator dilution technique using cold indocyanine green dye was evaluated in dogs. Pulmonary edema was induced in 11 animals by volume overload; 12 animals served as controls. For each measurement, the two indicators (cold dye) were injected into the superior vena cava and detected in the femoral artery. The extravascular thermal volume was calculated using the mean transit times of the two indicator curves. Pretermination measurements of extravascular thermal volume correlated closely with standard gravimetric analysis of pulmonary extravascular tissue weight (EVTV = 1.15 PEW + 2.1 ml/kg, n = 21, r = 0.97,P< 0.001; where EVTV = extravascular thermal volume and PEW = pulmonary extravascular tissue weight).Throughout the experiment, the arterial oxygen tension and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient, correlated poorly with EVTV (linear correlation: r = 0.47, 0.45, respectively). The intrapulmonary shunt correlated better with EVTV (r = 0.72). Nonlinear correlation of EVTV with intravascular pressures (left ventricular filling pressures, colloid oncotic pressures, and the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure-colloid oncotic pressure gradient) were more significant than linear relationships. The critical pressures at which lung water rapidly increased in this model occurred at left ventricular filling pressures of 22–27 mmHg and at pulmonary artery occlusion pressure-colloid oncotic pressure gradients of 25–30 mmHg. The thermal dye technique appears to provide an accurate measurement of lung water changes in this high pressure edema model.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID