ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A survey of 621 female nurse-anesthetists in Michigan was performed to determine the incidence of birth defects among the offspring of this group. Two separate mailings and telephone interviews resulted in a response rate of 84.5 per cent. Of children whose mothers worked during pregnancy, 16.4 per cent had birth defects, while only 5.7 per cent of children whose mothers did not work during pregnancy had birth defects. This difference was significant (P< 0.005). Three neoplasms were reported in two children whose mothers worked during pregnancy. One neoplasm was reported among the offspring of mothers not working during pregnancy.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Circulatory responses to administration of carbon dioxide were determined in 41 awake human volunteers during controlled or spontaneous respiration. Compared with spontaneous respiration (Paco2, 37 torr), controlled respiration (Paco236 torr) was associated with a significantly lower cardiac index and stroke index but with an increased total peripheral resistance which maintained constant arterial blood pressure. When exogenous CO2was administered during either controlled or spontaneous respiration (range 39 → 50 torr), cardiac index, heart rate, stroke index, indices of myocardial contractility, and forearm blood flow all increased significantly, while total peripheral resistance decreased significantly. These data serve as reference points for measurements of cardiovascular function in normal man, and for studying the modification of the circulatory response to CO2. Anesthetic agents, drugs, and disease states which alter autonomic tone in either direction may modify the response.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ventilatory response to hypoxia was studied in three dogs in the awake state and during 1.1 per cent end-tidal halothane anesthesia, at three levels of constant Paco2(40, 44 and 48 torr). Halothane depressed δ&OV0312;40(the increase in ventilation at Pao240 torr above the normocarbic, hyperoxic ventilation) by 52 per cent at Paco240 torr, by 65 per cent at Paco244 torr, and by 59 per cent at Paco248 torr, compared with the awake state at the same levels of CO2. Computer analysis of our data demonstrated a better fit to logarithmic or power functions than to the traditional hyperbolic form. Halothane depressed the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide by 47 per cent at Pao2160 torr, by 29 per cent at Pao274 torr, by 65 per cent at Pao252 torr, and by 92 per cent at Pao240 torr, in comparison with the awake responses. The increasing depression of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide as Pao2decreased below normoxic levels indicates that, in addition to depressing the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and CO2, halothane also interferes with the interaction of hypoxia and hypercarbia in driving ventilation.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Six hours after intravenous injection of morphine, 2 mg/kg, seven healthy adults received a ten-hour intravenous infusion of naloxone (3.66 μg/kg loading dose plus 3.66 μg/kg/hr), totaling 40 μg/kg. Immediately before administration of naloxone, resting minute ventilation (&OV0312;E) was 6.2 ± 0.4 (SE) l/min, end-tidal CO2tension (PETco2) 65 ± 3 torr, and the CO2response slope averaged only 0.5 ± 0.2 l/min/torr; in one subject &OV0312;Edecreased in response to CO2. Plasma morphine concentration was 654 ± 93 ng/ml and correlated poorly with respiratory depression or mental alertness. One hour after starting the naloxone infusion, resting &OV0312;Ewas 6.8 ± 0.5 l/min, PETco254 ± 1 torr, and CO2. response slope 1.2 ± 0.1 l/min/torr. Mental vigilance testing, by repetitive verbal challenges, showed 100 ± 0 per cent correct responses during the control period, 50 ± 18 per cent immediately before naloxone, and 86 ± 6 per cent one hour later. &OV0312;E, petco2, CO2response slope and displacement, and mental vigilance improved progressively 4 and 8 hours after starting the naloxone infusion. Twenty-one and one half hours after morphine injection, plasma concentration was 39 ± 13 ng/ml. At this time resting ventilatory values did not differ from control, but the CO2response curve remained significantly displaced. During naloxone infusion all subjects complained of bladder distention, and five vomited. Naloxone, 40 νg/kg/10 hours, as an antagonist to morphine, 2 mg/kg, adequately balances respiratory effects and emetic side-effects.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pulmonary distribution of nebulized fluorescent dyes was studied in 22 beagle puppies that breathed aerosols for either one or four hours. Brilliant fluorescence was seen in the nasopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi and esophagus of all dogs whether they breathed aerosols from a pneumatic or an ultrasonic nebulizer. Aerosols from both nebulizers were deposited throughout the airway and to the alveolar ductules within one hour of exposure. There was more deposition of dye m the small airways and alveoli as the nebulizer output and/or duration of exposure was increased. Mean particle diameter of aerosols decreased as the particles moved from the nebulizer output to the mid-point of the mist tent. It is concluded that water aerosols reach the gas exchange area of the lung in grossly detectable amounts. The quantity of aerosol generated, particle size, and length of exposure all influence the quantity of aerosol deposited.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID