ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The inotropic effect of isoflurane (Forane) was studied in papillary muscles from cats with normal hearts (NH) and those with experimentally produced congestive heart failure (CHF). Mean maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax) and mean maximal developed force (Fm) of CHF muscles were lower than in the normal heart. Isoflurane at the concentration equivalent to MAC in man reduced Vmaxan average of 36 per cent in NH and 51 per cent in CHF muscles. Average percentage decreases in Fmwere 40 in NH and 52 in CHF muscles. When changes in myocardial contractility of CHF muscles exposed to isoflurane at MAC were compared with the NH control values, reductions of Vmaxand Fmwere 75 and 74 per cent, respectively. The combined negative inotropic effects of isoflurane and CHF were more pronounced than that of isoflurane alone on the normal heart.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of ketamine, etoxadrol, and thiopental on the concentration and the apparent rates of synthesis of the brain monoamines serotoniu, dopamine, and norepinephrine were determined fluorometrically in the rat brain. Ketamine and etoxadrol significantly affected brain monoamine concentrations, but these effects were not consistent between drugs. Ketamine caused a slight increase in serotonin and a decrease in norepinephrine. Etoxadrol had a biphasic action on brain serotonin content, first increasing and later decreasing it, and decreased norepinephrine and dopamine. Brain monoamine content was unaffected by thiopental. The apparent rate of synthesis of brain serotonin was reduced to 50–60 per cent of control levels four hours after administration of ketamine and etoxadrol. These drugs also produced increases in the apparent rate of brain dopamine synthesis, which reached as much as 200 per cent of control six hours after administration. In contrast, thiopental caused only a marginal decrease in the apparent synthesis rate of brain serotonin and a 30 per cent decrease in the apparent synthesis rate of dopamine. Thus, intravenous anesthetics with psychotropic activity, like many other psychotropic agents, produce prominent changes in brain monoamine metabolism.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eleven beagle dogs were ventilated with liquid fluorocarbon Caroxin-D for one hour, then reconverted to breathing gas. A series of hematologic and biochemical tests was performed repeatedly for a year. The animals then were sacrificed; tissues were examined microscopically and were analyzed by gas chromatography for fluorocarbon content. No permanent toxicologic effect was found during the experimental period. Transient elevations in SCOT, SGPT, SAP, and leukocyte counts were present for approximately a week, then returned to normal. Some residual fluorocarbon was present in all tissues examined, but no pathologic change could be attributed to its presence, except for local accumulations of vacuolated macrophages in the lungs and regional lymph nodes.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cephalad borders of analgesia were determined 0.75 to 4 hours following the induction of spinal or lumbar epidural anesthesia. Levels thus obtained followed a straight line best described by the skin intercept of a transverse section through the trunk. They differed markedly from the dorsolaterally slanting pattern of segmental analgesia commonly associated with these blocks and observed during the onset of analgesia. There was no difference between spinal and epidural anesthesia in his regard. It is suggested that local anesthetics act first upon radicular structures and later upon structures inside the spinal cord. Because of different rates of anesthetic uptake and elimination, cord blockade becomes clinically apparent after the block of the more peripheral structures has worn off.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pyridostigmine was administered to 30 unpremedicated adult surgical patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane to antagonize neuromuscular blockade byd-tubocurarine (dTc) or pancuronium. The mean doses of pyridostigmine necessary for 50 per cent recovery of depressed twitch height and for sustained tetanus were 4.9 and 11.7 mg, respectively, fordTc, and 4.2 and 9.1 mg, respectively, fordTc, and 4.2 and 9.1 mg, respectively, for paneuronium. Compared with results of a previous study of neostigmine, 5.8 and 5.4 times more pyridostigmine than neostigmine were needed for sustained tetanus during antagonism of blockades bydTc and pancuronium. In 40 additional patients, atropine, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 mg, was administered concomitantly with neostigmine, 2.5 mg, or pyridostigmine, 14.5 mg, during antagonism ofdTc- or pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. The bradycardia following pyridostigmine does not differ significantly from the following neostigmine when combined with these doses of atropine.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of thiopental on rates of cerebral ATP depletion and lactate accumulation in dogs anesthetized with N2O during two different circumstances of impaired oxygen delivery were examined. In ten dogs, five with and five without prior thiopental (13 mg/kg), acute hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure 25–30 mm Hg) was produced and maintained for 9 minutes. The EEG remained active in all these dogs. In the dogs given thiopental, cerebral ATP was sustained at a significantly higher level and cerebral lactate accumulation was significantly less in the initial 5–7 minutes of hypotension. In another ten dogs, five with and five without prior thiopental (15 mg/kg), Fio2was decreased abruptly to zero and hypoxia, progressing rapidly to anoxia (Pao2< 5 mm Hg), was maintained for 9 minutes. After 3 minutes, the EEG was flat in all dogs, but activity persisted for a significantly longer period (35 see) in dogs given thiopental. The rates of ATP depletion and lactate accumulation were greater than with hypotension and were not significantly altered by thiopental. It is concluded that in the circumstance of hypoxia with continued cerebral function (active EEG), thiopental does afford some cerebral protection; in the absence of function (flat EEG), no protection is apparent. The authors suggest that anesthetics such as thiopental diminish energy requirements of the brain only by reducing its function and hence can provide cerebral protection only when the extent of hypoxia is insufficient to abolish function.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID