ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Plasma bromide concentrations of 25 patients were determined before and after halothane anesthesia. A high correlation (r > .70) between exposure to halothane in MAC-hours and plasma bromide levels 24, 48 and 2 hours later was found. Peak bromide levels occurred 48–72 hours after anesthesia in 16 patients (66 per cent), and ranged from 52 $mUg/ml (0.65 mEq/1) to 180 $mUg/ml (2.25 mEq/. Bromide levels remained elevated for prolonged periods (at least 22 days in some patients). Possible sedative or psychoactive effects of increased plasma bromide levels are discussed.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fluoride release and covalent binding of halothane metabolites were studied in rats pretreated with phenobarbital and anesthestized with halothane in the presence of high (40 per cent) and low (7 per cent) oxygen tensions. The purpose of producing hypoxia was to promote the reductive path ways involved in the metabolism of halothane. Halothane anesthesia under hypoxic conditions caused a significant elevation in the plasma fluoride concentration. There was also a greater than three-fold increase in covalent binding of14C-halothane metabolites to microsomal lipids in hypoxic rats. The lipid/protein binding ratio in control animals averaged 0.76, while hypoxic animals had a binding ratio of 3.24. The findings demonstrate that de-fluorination of halothane does occur during hypoxic conditions. It is hypothesized that the products produced by this reductive metabolic pathway are also potentially more hepatotoxic than the oxidative metabolites, based upon the increased covalent binding of halothane metabolites under hypoxic conditions.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The molecular motion and distribution of the inhalation anesthetic halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifiuoroethane) in a phospholipid bilayer model nerve membrane preparation was studied using fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance. Bilayers containing stable free radicals at known depths were studied to measure possible localization of halothane within certain areas of the bilayer. Bilayer suspensions containing manganese ions in the aqueous phase were used to test the partition of halothane between the aqueous and lipid phases. It was found that halothane rapidly achieves complete exchange throughout the bilayer and the surrounding aqueous phase. The results provide experimental evidence against the formation of anesthetic clathrates hypothesized by Pauling and Miller in their theories of anesthesia.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cumulative d-tubocurarine dose—response curves were determined in 35 unpremedicated adult surgical patients. In five awake patients with and five awake patients without ulnar nerve block the median effective doses of d-tubocurarine necessary for 50 per cent depression ot twitch tension (ED30) were S.3 and 9.1 mg/m2, respectively, The presence or an ulnar nerve block did not significantly alter ED50, which suggests that the central nervous system has little influence on the d-tubocurarine dose-response curve. The ED50's of d-tubocurarine were 4.8, 4.5, 2.5, 3.2, and 3.8 mg/m2in patients anesthetized with 1.0 to 1.3 per cent alveolar concentrations of halothane for 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 minutes, respectively. It is concluded that duration ot anesthesia has no effect on neuromuscular blockade by d-tubocurarine.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of 50 per cent nitrous oxide on isometric contractile force of electrically stimulated cat papillary muscle suspended in a Tris-buffered solution at five concentrations of Ca++ranging from 1 to 15 mM were studied. Compared with an equal concentration of nitrogen, or with pure oxygen, nitrous oxide caused a highly significant reduction in contractile force, averaging 22 per cent at 2.5 mM Ca++. This reduction in force, like that caused by halothane, could be antagonized by increasing [Ca++] in the bathing medium. However, the reductions in force caused by equinarcotic concentrations of halothane and nitrous oxide are significantly different in magnitude, suggesting that the mechanisms of anesthetic action in the central nervous system and in the myocardium may not be the same.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of premedication on gastric juice volume and pH were evaluated in five groups of 206 pediatric patients undergoing elective surgical procedures: Group 1 (Control) received no premedication; Croup 2 was given morphine sulfate and pentobarbital as premedicants. The other groups received, in addition to morphine and pentobarbital. atropine (Group 3), scopolamine (Group 4), or glycopyrrolate (Group 5). After endotracheal intubation, gastric aspirates were examined for volume, pH and color. Neither premedication with morphine and pentobarbital nor addition of atropine or scopolamine to the premedication significantly altered volume. In patients treated with glycopyrrotate, volume was reduced to less than a third of that of patients in Group 1 (P> 0.001), and the percentage ofpH's higher than 2.5 was significantly greater than in other group. The incidences of unobtainable sample and samples withpH's higher than 2.5 were greatest with atropine (32.0 per cent,P< 0.05) and glycopyrrolate (58.1 per cent,P< 0.01). In 60 per cent of the bile-stained specimens,pH's were below 2.5. It is concluded that because of its selective inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretions, glycopyrrolate appears superior to other anticholinergic drugs. The reduction of gastric juice volume and acidity produced by glycopyrrolate would have important clinical implications in case of accidental aspiration. It is also concluded that bile staining of gastric contents is not a reliable indicator of gastric juicepH.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID