ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of acute and subacute administration of delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on halothane requirements (MAC) in four groups of dogs were measured. THC administered intravenously produced a dose–related alteration in MAC. THC, 0.1 mg/kg, did not alter MAC 1, 3, or 24 hours after its administration. THC, 0.5 mg/kg, decreased MAC 32 per cent (P< 0.05) 1 hour after injection, but MAC was not significantly different from control after 3 and 24 hours. MAC was decreased 42, 36, and 18 per cent (P< 0.05) from control 1, 3, and 24 hours after 2.0 mg/kg THC. MAC was not changed from control 24 hours after four daily injections of 0.5 mg/kg THC.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of acute and chronic administration of delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) for cyclopropane in rats were determined. MAC was reduced 15.4 (SE ± 3.56) and 25.1 (SE ± 1.43) per cent two hours after intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg THC (P< 0.01). Administration of 0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg THC did not change the MAC of cyclopropane. Injections of 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg THC every other day for a week produced no consistent change in MAC measured before each injection. Similarly, the immediate decrease in MAC caused by THC was not altered by chronic administration. Thus, THC can cause a significant reduction in MAC, and this effect is unaltered by chronic administration of low doses.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In 128 consecutive operations, a prospective, randomized comparison of morphine and halothane as primary agents for cardiac valvular repair and/or replacement was made. During induction, average systolic and mean blood pressures were lower (9 torr and 6 torr, respectively) with halothane than with morphine. However, the incidences of serious hypotension with the two agents were similar. Six of 61 patients with halothane and seven of 67 patients with morphine reached systolic blood pressures of 70 torr or less before incision. Intraoperative hypertension was more frequent and more severe with morphine, necessitating frequent use of supplementary chlorpromazine. Cardiac output data suggest that the higher average blood pressure seen with morphine was related to increased peripheral vascular resistance rather than increased cardiac output. There appeared to be hemodynamic differences between the agents, but neither mortality rates nor durations of hospital stay or postoperative stay in the intensive care unit demonstrated a clear–cut advantage of either morphine or halothane for anesthesia during cardiac–valve operations.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of large (2.7 ± 0.3 mg/kg) and very large (9.3 ± 0.7 mg/kg) anesthetic doses of morphine were compared in 17 patients undergoing elective open–heart surgery. Patients who received a mean of 514 mg needed significantly more blood during bypass, during the entire operative procedure, and for the first 24 hours postoperatively than those who received a mean of 179 mg. Although all patients received equal volumes of crystalloid during operation, patients who received very large doses of morphine produced significantly less urine during bypass and needed significantly more sodium bicarbonate to avoid base deficits. Postoperatively, these patients were edematous and plum–colored, and they needed significantly more crystalloid to maintain urinary output.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cardiovascular effects of morphine, 2 mg/kg, administered intravenously at the rate of 10 mg/min with oxygen and with nitrous oxide—oxygen, were studied in ten healthy unmedicated male volunteers. Respiration was mechanically controlled to maintain a constant, normal Paco2. Morphine— oxygen increased cardiac index, heart rate, forearm blood flow, peak inspiratory pressure, blood glucose, and central venous pressure; decreased total peripheral resistance; and caused insignificant changes in stroke volume index, mean arterial pressure, forearm venous compliance, blood lactate and pyruvate, base excess, and oxygen consumption. The pre–ejection period, which provides an estimation of the period of isovolemic cardiac contraction, was prolonged. Addition of 70 per cent nitrous oxide to morphine—oxygen 60 minutes after administration of morphine increased total peripheral resistance, central venous pressure, and peak inspiratory pressure; decreased base excess, cardiac index, and heart rate; and did not significantly change the other variables. Morphine did not produce amnesia or unconsciousness in these subjects until nitrous oxide was added. The concentration of morphine in plasma was 8.6 ± 0.8 µg/100 ml 5 minutes after administration.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of morphine were studied in 100 isolated rabbit hearts, using a modified Langendorff preparation. Morphine significantly depressed peak left ventricular dP/dt and heart rate in a concentration of 10-5g/ml at 32 C. Hearts cooled to 22 C were less depressed, and hearts perfused at 37 C were more depressed, by morphine. Pretreatment of the rabbits with reserpine (5 mg/kg) did not alter the heart's response to morphine. Increased calcium in the perfusate resulted in less depression of peak dP/dt by morphine, while decreased calcium resulted in more depression. Calcium concentration did not alter the action of morphine on heart rate.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Isoflurane, although minimally metabolized to inorganic fluoride, did not cause renal functional or pathologic abnormalities in Fischer 344 rats. Mean peak serum inorganic fluoride levels were 6.5 ± 1.2 μM/1 following 4.0 MAC hours of isoflurane anesthesia and 7.3 ± 0.6 μM/1 following 15 MAC hours. By contrast, methoxyflurane caused dose–related polyuric nephrotoxicity. This was associated with mean peak scrum inorganic fluoride levels of 56.0 ± 2.6 μM/1 following 1.5 MAC hours and 79.4 ± 2.2 μM/1 following 4.5 MAC hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia, respectively. In this animal model, an isoflurane exposure ten times greater than a nephrotoxic exposure to methoxyflurane did not result in sufficient metabolism to inorganic fluoride to cause nephrotoxicity.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID