ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinical experience has demonstrated that the best way to maintain light surgical anesthesia with cyclopropane in infants, while avoiding exhaustion and cardiovascular disturbances, is to employ a controlled hyperventilation technique. Measurements of endtidal Pco2, tidal volume and minute volume in a group of infants under three months of age indicate that spontaneous breathing during cyclopropane anesthesia provides effective ventilation for short periods. By employing four rate and pressure combinations of controlled breathing, all of which produced better pulmonary ventilation than present during spontaneous breathing, most effective hyperventilation was achieved at a moderate rate of about 40 per minute with a pressure of about 30 cm. of water. A change in airway pressure was noted to alter endtidal Pco2more than a change in ventilatory rate, at the combinations measured.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Halopropane is a noninflammable volatile liquid which has been found to possess properties of general anesthesia. Experiences in animals and in man have indicated that the drug is capable of producing adequate surgical relaxation and reasonably prompt induction and recovery. Experimental studies in the laboratory with dogs have indicated that it sensitizes the heart to the intravenous injection of epinephrine in a manner similar to halothane and cyclopropane. Eighty-two patients undergoing various surgical procedures were studied. Adequate operating conditions were obtained in all. However, the incidence of arrhythmias was sufficiently great that the drug was considered not completely satisfactory for clinical anesthesia in man. The uptake and excretion of halopropane from the blood was examined in 10 patients, and it was found that the blood level fell slowly, suggesting that the drug is highly soluble in fat. Because of the number of cardiac arrhythmias, some very severe, seen in these patients, it is concluded at this time that the drug probably is not a useful anesthetic agent.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A study was made on 27 patients undergoing elective surgery. Preoperative and postoperative chest roentgenograms and arterial blood-gas studies were compared. Temperature, pulse rate, respiratory frequency, and clinical observations were noted. A high incidence (19 of 27) of low oxygen tensions occurring with normal or increased ventilation was observed. No correlation could be established between roentgen-ray or clinical finding on the one hand and laboratory findings on the other.The concept is presented that the findings represent “miliary” atelectasis occurring so diffusely as to escape detection by physical or radiographic examination. More severe reductions in ventilation-perfusion ratios and complete atelectasis are best considered as a continuum since they produce the same effects and may not be distinguishable. Postoperative patients present a pattern of near constant tidal volume without sighing, known to produce these changes.That these changes occur without airway obstruction is suggested by improvement with deep breathing. Although appearing benign, decreases in oxygen tension may be of serious magnitude.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Tidal volumes and minute volumes were measured in 59 patients between the ages of six hours and five years (thirty-one less than one year) during halothane anesthesia and correlated with age, height, weight and surface area. Tidal volume was best estimated from body weight, minute volume from height. For use in estimating maximal requirements during halothane anesthesia, values of 5.5 ml./kg. body weight for tidal volume and 40 ml./cm. height for minute volume are suggested. Minimum values for tidal volume approached 1 ml./kg., especially in those cases with minimal decreases in temperature, dramatically emphasizing the importance of apparatus dead space and maintenance of body temperature.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Uneven ventilation-perfusion or shunting of blood from the right to left side of the heart causes a reduced proportion of the cardiac output to be exposed to alveolar anesthetic gas. This poses a barrier to the passage of anesthetic from alveoli to arterial blood and as such reduces the rate at which induction takes place. The delay of induction for various degrees of shunting may be quantitatively described through the use of electrical analogues. For very soluble agents (ether, methoxyflurane) the delay is minimal but for relatively insoluble agents (nitrous oxide, cyclopropane) the delay may be considerable. The delay is greater at higher lung volumes, as in the emphysematous patient, and in airway obstruction with gas trapped distal to the obstruction.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Oxygen uptake was measured during light halothane anesthesia, controlled ventilation, and operation. In the absence of premedication and without thiopental, oxygen uptake averaged 84 per cent of predicted basal values in paralyzed patients and 100 per cent in unparalyzed patients. The difference is attributed to increased oxygen consumption of skeletal muscle in the unparalyzed state. With premedication and thiopental, oxygen uptake averaged 84 per cent initially but increased with time. With premedication alone, oxygen uptake averaged 88 per cent initially and increased to 94 per cent in 2 to 5 hours. The return of oxygen uptake to basal values in both groups is attributed primarily to diminution of the effect of the previously administered drugs. Significant effects of halothane concentration per se on oxygen uptake were not observed. An association between oxygen uptake and esophageal temperature was demonstrated only in paralyzed patients.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sensory levels are usually determined after spinal anesthesia. There are, however, other anesthetic levels (example, sympathetic and motor). The former has been found to be about 1.5 dermatome levels above the sensory level. In this study, motor levels were measured by inserting needles in the intercostal muscles to determine the height of the paralysis. In a series of 33 patients, it was determined that the motor levels will generally be between 1.3 and 2.3 spinal segment below the sensory level.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Solubility of fluroxene was determined in various media. Partition coefficients at 37°C. were: water/gas 0.84, blood/gas 1.37, olive oil/gas 47.7, cerebral grey or white matter/gas 1.96, liver/gas 1.88, and muscle/gas 3.11. Reduction in temperature increased solubility in both water and oil by 5 per cent per degree centigrade. The solubilities obtained correlate well with the clinical finding that fluroxene is a potent anesthetic with a rapid onset of anesthesia and recovery.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1964

数据来源: OVID