摘要:

Azteca ants, that obligatorily live in neotropical second—growth trees of the genus Cecropia, kill vine ends that begin to climb on the Cecropia trunk. Presumably this aids the Cecropia tree in its efforts to maintain an emergent position in the general canopy, and may be one of the selective advantages of being occupied by an Azteca colony. This system is, in both process and pattern, extremely similar to that of the swollen—thorn acacias and their ant occupants. In both cases the ants are effectively allelopathic agents, and are functionally analogous to the chemicals liberated by some plants in their competitive interactions with other plants; like these chemicals, the ants are "produced" at a metabolic cost to the plant. The ants may, however, be a more efficient allelopathic agent than a chemical because of their versatility.

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934677

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Local species diversity of terrestrial arthropods was determined from a combination of trapping and census in an area of variable passage type in Flint Ridge Cave System in Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. We measured evaporative rate, substrate moisture, substrate organic content, predictability and stability of food and microclimate, substrate diversity, and intensity of flooding. We found significant correlations of species diversity with substrate diversity, substrate organic content, and intensity of flooding.

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934678

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The two California desert Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) species, P. indra fordi Comstock&Martin and P. rudkini Comstock, are frequently sympatric in range but mutually exclusive in host plant source. In 1966, optimal rainfall conditions led to a large simultaneous emergence of the adults of both species, synchronizing the growth of the resulting larvae, and larvae of both species switched to feeding on both foodplants wherever defoliation of the usual foodplant had already occurred from earlier larval feeding. By feeding on different foodplants in years of normal population levels, larval competition is avoided and many host plants remain unused. But apparently when population peaks are reached simultaneously, the selective advantage of separate hosts breaks down and direct competition through foodplant overlap occurs.

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934679

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934680

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934681

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934682

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934683

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934685

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934687

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-9658    

DOI:10.2307/1934688

出版商:Ecological Society of America    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY