摘要:

Abstract.1. Male and femaleTrichoplusia niwere caught at three locations in California in 1974 and 1975, in traps baited with virgin femaleT. nior with synthetic female pheromone.2. 71% of the females were captured between 20.00 and 21.00 hours; only 22% of the males.3. Both mated and unmated females were trapped.4. Comparisons of live trapvs.dead trap catches suggest that females are responding to the virgin females (or synthetic pheromone) and not to a combination of stimuli from the first trapped males plus female pheromone.

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. Population dynamics ofIps calligraphusandI. grandicollis(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were studied in a forest exposed to high doses of gamma radiation.2. Populations were replicated at eleven dose rates by using ‘trap logs’.3. Adult beetles did not avoid high radiation intensities and attacked all sites equally.4. Utilization of the cambium‐inner bark area varied fromc.2% at a dose rate of 2520 R/20 h day to 90% at dose rates of 63 and 105 R/20 h day.5. Developmental success of the new brood was directly dependent on the dose rate, and developing progeny were often killed by accumulated exposure.6. Larger, slower developing species of subcortical beetles were eliminated at dose levels that allowed successful development of the two species ofIpsbark be

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. The phagostimulatory activity of a range of sugars, amino acids, vitamins, salts, phospholipids and sterols toLocusta migratoria(L.) was assessed singly and in combinations.2. The hexose and disaccharide sugars were shown to be highly stimulatory.3. Of the amino acids onlyl‐proline andl‐serine elicited feeding responses and none of the salts, vitamins, phospholipids or sterols was stimulatory when presented sin

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. Shortcomings in the methodology of testing mechanical traps for tsetse and other flies have been partically overcome by relating all trap efficiencies to that of electric trapping devices which have been shown, independently, to capture over 95% of tsetse colliding with them.2. In Rhodesia the classical ‘animal’ type traps only caught a small percentage of tsetse which approached them. The addition of ox odour increased the number of tsetse visiting the trap but did not affect trap efficiency.3. Changes in trap design have resulted in increases in trapping efficiency of up to 4–5‐fold over classical designs.4. The addition of large quantities of ox odour increased the efficiency of the most successful trap described here, as well as the absolute number of flies taken. When the odour of livestock of total mass 11.5 tonnes was used, over 2000 tsetse could be trapped in a 3 h period.5. None of the traps described here was particularly suitable for tabanids but some were used to trap large numbers of biting muscids.6. The implications for new methods of tsetse control are di

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. Beetles sampled in Louisiana at higher levels in the atmosphere were significantly smaller than those sampled at lower levels, which suggests that passive buoyancy is important in high altitude dispersal.2. A model of long‐range dispersal is suggested which combines both active flight and passive buoyanc

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. The calorific efficiency with whichN. canescensconverts the larva ofE. kuehniellainto its own tissues has been measured by microbomb calorimetry.2. The calorific values found forEphestialarvae are high in comparison with those of other insects and may be associated with their high fat content.3. The growth efficiency of 61% achieved byNemeritisis sustained by the higher assimilation efficiency of 94%, owing to the parasitoid's habit of feeding directly on the host's haemolymph.4. The overall efficiency of conversion of adult moth (host) to adult ichneumonid (parasitoid) is of the order of 59% which is broadly representative of endoparasitoids and higher than that achieved by true predators.

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. The behaviour of the parasiteMuscidifurax raptorGirault and Sanders was studied when searching for hosts, puparia of the Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann). At low density females tend to avoid encountering parasitized hosts. This tendency decreases as density of searching females increases.2. The proportional avoidance of superparasitism was calculated and the effect of increasing number of encounters per host on this parameter was analysed.3. The mechanisms of solitariness were studied. These mechanisms include: outer marking of the hosts by the female parasite and deliberate physical attack of the newly hatched larvae to eliminate as yet unhatched eggs.4. In cases of intraspecific competition between larvae, young first or second instar larvae usually have the advantage over older larvae.

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. In laboratory nests the ants thoroughly licked leaf fragments by a rasping action of their glossa before inoculating the food fungus. The extent of this licking varied with the substrate and was influenced by the thickness of surface leaf waxes and by the chemical attractiveness of the substrate.2. Microscopy and wettability studies showed that licking removes the wax layer present on leaves. It also removes or inhibits micro‐organisms present.3. Chemically de‐waxed and decontaminated leaves and ant‐licked leaves proved the best substrates for artificially culturing the ant fungus.4. The process of substrate preparation circumvents some of the normal defence mechanisms of green plants against fungal attack. The ant fungus thus utilizes nutritionally richer resources of green leaves normally available only to specialized parasitic fungi, rather than the nutritionally inferior shed leaves normally available to saprophytic

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.1. Larvae ofNemeritisthat have reached full growth in a caterpillar ofEphestiainvariably push the host remains towards the closed end of the host cocoon and pupate with their heads towards the open end. Larvae reaching full growth in a pupal host are usually orientated in the same direction, but occasionally in reverse.2. The parasitoid does not orientate itself by direct reference to the host cocoon but in relation to the final position of the host. The host remains are probably used as a point of reference.3. As the parasitoid spins its own cocoon, it isolates itself from some external stimuli and has need of a new point of reference. It provides this by incorporating guide marks, in the form of areas of specially woven threads, in successive layers of its cocoon.4. The final mark, on the innermost layer, not only indicates the anterior end of the cocoon, but also may help the adult to bite its way out.5. The presence of similar marks has been observed in the cocoons of five other species of Ichneumonidae, representing the two subfamilies Ophioninae and Cryptinae.6. The significance of these provisions for correct orientation of ichneumon wasps is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:INSECT FLIGHT. Edited by R. C. RaineyPROCEEDINGS 01F THE 4th CONFERENCE OF WEST AFPXAN COCOA ENTOMOLOGISTS.ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, Vol. 2 1. Edited by Ray F. Smith, THomas E. Mittler and Carroll N. Smith.MARINE INSECTS. Edited by Lanna Cheng.THE DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF THE SOIL FAUNA. By J. A. Wallwork.INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION. Edited by D. J. Candy and B. A. Kilby.THE GENETICS AND BIOLOGY OF DROSOPHILA. Edited by M. Ashburner and E. Novitski.INSECTS THAT FEED ON TREES AND SHRUBS. AN ILLUSTRATED PRACTICAL GUIDE. By Warren T. Johkon and Howard H. Lyon.CONTEMPORARY PEST CONTROL PRACTICES AND PROSPECTS. The Report of the Executive Committee of the Study on Problems of Pest Control. Pp. xxviii+506. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1975.BIOCHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN PLANTS AND INSECTS. Edited by James W. Wallace and Richard L. Mansell.SURVEY OF THE WORLD'S APHIDS. By V. F. Eastop and D. HiIle Ris Lambers.INSECTS AND THE LIFE OF MAN. By V. B. Wigglesworth.INSECTS AND HISTORY. By J. L. CloudsleyThompson.THE FUTURE OF INSECTICIDES, NEEDS AND PROSPECTS. Edited by Robert L. Metcalf and John J. McKelvey, Jr.

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1977.tb00879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY