摘要:

ABSTRACTWe report a genetic and environmental analysis of California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scale scores gathered on a sample of 45 sets of monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA) and 26 sets of dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA) Analysis of twin intraclass correlations and the results of models fit to the twin data demonstrate that the heritability of most scales and five factors of the CPI is about 50 When compared to results from studies of adult MZ and DZ twins reared together few of the scales demonstrate any common family environmental influence Placement coefficients on the Family Environment Scale (FES) can explain only a minor portion of the correlations for twins reared apart The influence of specific rearing environmental factors on adult personality was evaluated by analyzing the relationship between the FES and the CPI in this adoptee sample One FES factor (Cohesion vs Conflict) does correlate substantially with the CPI factor of Consensuality and may account for up to 24% of the variance in that factor, but the retrospectively gathered

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere is a good deal of evidence, particularly from electrodermal and electrocortical recording procedures, that introverts exhibit greater reactivity to sensory stimulation than extraverts There is little evidence that introverts and extraverts differ in base level of arousal in neutral conditions, and there is no clear evidence that their differences in sensitivity to stimulation are determined by differences in attentional state Faster auditory brainstem evoked response latencies observed for introverts implicate differences in peripheral sensory processes that are not determined by mechanisms in the reticular system as proposed in the arousal hypothesis There is also evidence that individual differences in the expression of motor activity between introverts and extraverts involve differences in motoneuronal excitability

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article summarizes studies relating the trait of sensation seeking to electrodermal and heart‐rate responses and cortical evoked potential arousal Stimulus factors of novelty, intensity, and stimulus significance are important High sensation seekers tend to give stronger physiological orienting responses than lows to novel stimuli of moderate intensity, particularly when such stimuli are of specific interest Lows tend to show defensive responses as defined by heart‐rate acceleration The cortical reaction of the highs tends to be augmented by intense visual or auditory stimuli, while that of the lows tends to be reduced or unresponsive to variations in stimulus intensity Differences between psychophysiological responses of high and low sensation seekers are interpreted as reflective of different evolved biological strategies for processing novel or intense stimula

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY