摘要:

ABSTRACTSystematic content analysis of personal documents is used to assess the course of personality development in one adolescent female exposed to traumatic historical and personal events, as well as more normative life changes Seventy‐one letters written by a young girl to her former teacher over a 9‐year period comprise the data for this study. Our analyses assess the normal developmental processes of preoccupation with identity formation and the establishment of intimate relationships, as well as responses to life changes (emigration, marriage, pregnancy) Overall, results suggest that despite serious challenges and losses, this individual experienced normal personality development throughout her trying adolescence. In addition, particular life events affected the course of that development. Factors which may have facilitated her resilience are discu

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe stigma associated with obesity is likely to limit the opportunities obese women have to develop social skills This hypothesis was tested by having obese (n= 15) and nonobese (n= 22) women converse on the telephone with college students who were unaware of the women's weights Ratings made by judges who listened to the women's contributions to the conversations but who were unaware of their weights showed that obesity was negatively related to judgments about the women's likability, social skills, and physical attractiveness The telephone partners of obese women rated the women and themselves more negatively than did the partners of nonobese women Obese and nonobese women generally did not differ in their evaluations of their own and their telephone partners' behavior, and they also did not differ on a measure of social self‐esteem These findings suggest that there are real differences in the social behavior of obese and nonobese women and that these differences affect the impressions formed by those with whom they intera

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIndividual differences in distress and restraint have recently been validated as two superordinate dimensions of social‐emotional adjustment (Weinberger, 1989) In two samples (N1= 139,N2= 136) of university students, scores on these dimensions were jointly used to define six higher order personality styles reactive, sensitized, oversocialized, undersocialized, self‐assured, and repressive To evaluate this typology, group differences were investigated on 28 measures within seven domains related to adjustment self‐expression, emotional control, proneness to personality disorders, physical illness, self‐concept, neurotic symptoms, and impulse gratification One‐way multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant group differences within each domain Univariate analyses revealed significant differences on 26 of the 28 measures and marginally significant differences on the remaining 2 A large number of nonadditive patterns consistent with a priori group descriptions corroborated the utility of a person‐centered, typological approach The data also provided an empirically derived, prototypic description of each adju

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere has been a century of theorizing that self‐conceptions begin to develop early, heavily involve language, are important aspects of personality, and are much influenced by others' reactions Nevertheless, no one has heretofore probed the empirical characteristics and antecedents of mothers' language that might be relevant to their 2½1/2‐year‐old children's acquisition of self‐conceptions In this research, such “maternal attributions” were located in video transcripts of 3 mother‐child pairs, each interacting for 300 minutes (Study 1), and of 35 mother‐child pairs, each interacting for 35 minutes (Study 2), all in a seminaturalistic setting Study 2 replicated and extended results from Study 1 regarding (a) types of occasion for maternal attributions, and (b) the attributions' specificity/abstractness, vocabulary content, substantive referent, explicitness/implicitness, evaluative tone, and direction toward the whole child or an aspect of the child Antecedent‐consequent relationships were found between children's roles in occasioning attributions and the language specificity and evaluative tone of the attributions. Results are discussed in terms of the devel

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn two experiments we investigated the causes of low preparatory effort (minimal practicing for an upcoming event that is to be evaluated), a possible form of self‐handicapping Experiment 1 found that people with high self‐esteem practiced less than people with low self‐esteem, although a prior experience of success eliminated this difference Experiment 2 showed that people with high self‐esteem practiced less only when the practice duration was publicly known, indicating that they were using a strategic self‐presentational ploy rather man responding to superior confidence This difference may reflect a desire to maximize the self‐presentation of high ability by appearing to succeed despite minimal preparatory effort These results suggest that this form of self‐handicapping is a strategy used by highly confident individuals in uncertain situations to make a favorable impres

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSixty‐five subjects were assessed by a computer program that asked them to list the primary people they interact with, the situations they inhabit with these people, and the traits and behaviors they typically show with these people The program stored these data as a tree of information Subjects also kept detailed behavioral diaries over a 10‐day period and completed Snyder's (1974) Self‐Monitoring Scale The consistency of subjects' behaviors and settings over interpersonal relationships was computed from the computer data and from behavioral diaries Results indicated that consistency as assessed idiographically from computer data, consistency as assessed idiographically from diaries, and self‐monitoring were intercorrelated These results illustrate the possibility of wedding idiographic and nomothetic approaches in research on the consistency and variability of

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY