摘要:

AbstractThe mainstream view of love is that it is a state that arises from people mutually reinforcing each other or providing benefits to each other Yet careful quantitative analyses of imaginative thought patterns of people in love or in a state of affiliative arousal reveal themes of dialogue, commitment, and harmony rather than of mutual benefits It is suggested that asking people about love leads them to give causal explanations for the state which psychologists have elaborated into the theory that love is a response to having one's needs met Imaginative experiences characteristic of the state of being in love on the other hand may be different because they are primarily right brain mediated and do not share in the causal, instrumental type of reasoning characteristic of left brain conscious thinking Such conceivably right brain mediated experiences inTATsare more closely associated than presumably left brain mediated self‐reports are with such physiological measures as evoked scalp potentials, neurohormone concentrations, and immune functions A vew of love that takes both self‐report (left brain) and fantasy (right brain) measures into account does a better job of predicting affiliative behavior than does a view that relies solely on one or the other of the two types of meas

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHypotheses derived from both Erich Fromm and the feminist literature linking sex role orientation to type of love experienced were tested in a sample of 123 heterosexual dating couples Five components of love were identified through factor analysis romantic dependency, communicative intimacy, physical arousal, respect, and romantic compatibility Type of love was related to sex role orientation (p01), with traditionals characterized by romantic dependency and romantic compatibility, while nontraditionals emphasized communicative intimacy Sex differences showed females being more emotionally expressive in then love than males and scoring higher on communicative intimacy (p's<01)

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between personality and emotional feelings within ecologically valid settings Nineteen subjects rated their emotions in a wide variety of work, recreation, social, and alone situations sampled over a 30‐day period They were also administered the Personality Research Form and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Although theoretically predictable relations were found between certain personality traits and specific emotions averaged across situations, it was not until we distinguished chosen from imposed situations that the most meaningful results were obtained Both temperament and nontemperament personality traits were found to be related to specific emotions Implications of the present findings for research on situation selection and the status of personality traits are discuss

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo studies of coping among community‐dwelling adults (N= 255,151) were used to examine the influence of personality on coping responses, the perceived effectiveness of coping mechanisms, and the effects of coping and personality on well‐being In both studies a wide range of potential stressors was examined, categorized as losses, threats, or challenges The personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience, as measured by both self‐reports and spouse‐ and peer‐ratings, were systematically related to coping mechanisms in both studies There was general agreement across types of stressors on the use and perceived effectiveness of the 27 coping mechanisms, and individuals who used more effective ways of coping generally reported higher subsequent happiness and life satisfaction However, personality variables are also known to be determinants of well‐being, and the associations between coping and well‐being were reduced when personality measures were partialled out Some implications for the design and interpretation of coping effectiveness studies

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFidgeting was defined as engaging in manipulations of one's own body parts or other objects, such actions being peripheral or nonessential to central ongoing events or tasks Two studies employed preliminary fidgeting questionnaires of 70 and 106 items, respectively, tapping a wide range of habitual behaviors Item selection and factor analyses led to the development of a final, 40‐item, individual difference measure of fidgeting tendency which is balanced for response bias and has an alpha reliability coefficient of 89 Convergent and construct validity were supported by positive correlations between the fidgeting tendency measure and measures of tendencies to engage in extraneous activities (consuming alcoholic drinks, cigarette smoking, eating, daydreaming, restlessness, insomnia) while preoccupied with certain situations and tasks These findings implied that fidgeting is an activity overflow and that it is more probable when the organism's physical activity is constrained by the central or focal act Fidgeting tendency also correlated positively with binge eating and with physical activity In two additional studies, questionnaire fidgeting tendency scores correlated positively with direct observations of fidgeting by subjects and with peer predictions Personality correlates of fidgeting tendency were well defined More fidgety persons were more unpleasant and more arousable (i e, more anxious or hostile) Fidgeting tendency did not correlate significantly with subject sex or with arousal‐seeking tend

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe analysis of natural language trait names and questionnaire scales has suggested that the five factors of Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeable‐ness, and Conscientiousness constitute an adequate taxonomy of personality An alternative approach to comprehensive personality assessment based on clinical judgments is given by the California Q‐Set (CQS, Block, 1961) When self‐Q‐sorts from 403 adult men and women were factored, the five factors closely resembled those found in adjectives, and showed convergent and discriminant validity against self‐reports and peer‐ and spouse‐ratings on measures of the five‐factor model Results were replicated when interviewer Q‐sort ratings were examined for a subset of subjects These findings strongly support the claim to comprehensiveness of the

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLamiell (1981, 1982a) has recently advanced an idiographic approach to the measurement of personality that he has labeled “idiothetic” In contrast to classical nomothetic strategies, the idiothetic method of scaling personality traits discounts normative transformations of attribute scores and, according to Lamiell, provides the basis for a useful index of cross–situational behavior consistency An analysis of Lamiell's procedures indicates several problems with the idiothetic approach to personality assessment and with the proposed measure of behavior consistency Notable is the fact that the method does not account for base rates of behavior in situations and, therefore, may suggest anomalous interpretations of personality characteristics and of behavior consistencies It is argued that conventional nomothetic methods are sufficient for the goals of explaining and predicting be

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPaunonen and Jackson (this issue) have commented critically on certain technical features of the idiothetic framework for personality research proposed by Lamiell (1981, 1982) In the present article, we offer our own views on each of the three major issues raised by Paunonen and Jackson, and in so doing seek to explain why we take their arguments to be adequate neither as a critique of the idiothetic approach nor as a defense of traditional “nomotheticis

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn response to the article by Lamiell and Trierweiler (this issue), we examine the stated epistemological origins of idiothetic proposals for theory and research in personality We argue that the justification for those proposals as advanced by Lamiell and his colleagues is wholely insufficient in view of prior research on the consistency of behavior This assertion together with our identification of problems in scaling personality and personality consistencies lead us to conclude that the pursuit of the idiothetic method is both unwarranted and ineffectual

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY