摘要:

AbstractThe present study explored the relation of trait self‐esteem and positive inequity to productivity Subjects worked on proofreading task, and received hourly (rather than piece‐rate) compensation that was either greater than (positive inequity condition) or equal to (equity condition) the amount that they deserved The results showed that individuals of high and medium self‐esteem were more productive (i e, completed more of the task) in the positive inequity condition than in the equity condition Low self‐esteem participants however, were actually less productive (i e, completed less of the task) in the positive inequity than in the equity condition Theoretical implications are d

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe responses of 47 women and 43 men to everyday social and achievement events were gathered for a three‐week time period Subjects' self‐ratings of competence and performance following achievement events were positively related to their scores on the Performance‐Self‐Esteem Scale (PSES) More positive and consistent relationships between subjects' responses and PSES scores were found among subjects scoring low on a social self‐esteem measure (SSES) than among subjects scoring high on the SSES Similarly, SSES level was positively related to subjects' responses to social events only among subjects scoring low on the PSES The importance of using sets of specific self‐esteem measures for exploring subjects' reactions to everyday events

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch was conducted to assess sex differences in college students' self‐esteem and self‐concepts, and the extent to which students' self‐perceptions predict their life goals Questionnaires that included the Rosenberg Scale, Texas Social Behavior Inventory, self‐concepts, life goals, and demographic and family backgrounds were completed by 804 women from seven colleges and 127 men from two colleges Men and women did not differ significantly in their self‐esteem and interpersonal self‐confidence, but the men rated themselves higher on math/science ability, leadership/public speaking ability, and coping/self‐sufficiency Women's global self‐esteem scores and interpersonal self‐confidence did not predict their life goals, but women's greater self‐confidence in masculine spheres predicted higher educational goals and their ranking of future careers as a more important priority in their lives Men's interpersonal self‐confidence predicted their ranking time for future spouses as a high priority and time for themselves as a lower priority Men's global self‐esteem and leadership/public speaking ability self‐concept predicted preferences for full‐time career involvement when their future children are very young Different demographic variables also predicted men's and women's goals Implications of these sex differences and predictive

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEgo development in adult women was studied using Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development (SCT) The subjects were 163 women in a university nurse practitioner training program Ego development scores were correlated with scores from personality tests and with interview data Higher ego levels were related to personal adjustment, nurturance, responsibility, tolerance, enjoyment of children, inner control, capacity for status, and age Improvement in ego level scores was found only for those at, or below, the self‐aware level The SCT, as scored for women, seems to be particularly sensitive to differences in responsible caring in relationships, an aspect of personality development often neglected by other tes

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐four preschool children ranging from three to five years of age received a series of stones in which the protagonists experience happiness, sadness, or fear These protagonists were portrayed as either similar or dissimilar to the child, and the situations depicted were either familiar or unfamiliar to him/her as well The children's task was to infer the emotions experienced by the protagonists Results indicate that children were more accurate in judging the emotions of similar target persons than they were for dissimilar ones Familiarity with the situation, on the other hand, had no effect on accuracy Children were more accurate in identifying happiness and sadness than they were in judging fear, and age was positively related to judgmental accuracy for the former two but not for the latter These results help to resolve the controversy arising from earlier studies of empathy development which failed to disentangle the similarity and familiarity dimensio

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCongruence and temporal stability of multimethod profiles within the individual subject were studied as proposed new personality variables in a pool of seven small groups of graduate students in clinical psychology (N= 51) Sex differences were minimal A Stability Index was derived from(a) Qcorrelation stability coefficients obtained from the single method profiles of an inventory, self‐ratings, and mean ratings by others, or(b)absolute difference scores between the composite profiles on occasion 1 and occasion 2 A Congruence Index was derived from(a) Qcorrelation coefficients obtained from each pair of profiles measured by the three methods for each subject, or(b)mean absolute difference scores obtained from each pair of method profiles These moderately correlated indices were used as dependent variables in stepwise multiple regression analyses, in which scores on a profile of 21 personality variables served as independent variables Although the difference score method was at least as effective as the correlational method in predicting congruence, theQcorrelational method was superior in all other analyses conducted in this study Persons high intemporal stabilityseem to maintain an intellectually searching and interpersonally affiliative approach to the environment, showing little hostility and little tendency to seek change in current life circumstances Thehighly congruentindividual seeks a positive nurturant interaction with other persons, gains pleasure from both sensory and interpersonal experiences, and shows little discontent with present life circumstanc

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on Scheibe's (1979) concept of sagacity, the first purpose of this research was to assess the role of vigilance in a judgment task wherein subjects “read between the lines” of target persons' word associations Second, on the basis of the locus of control and cue expectation literature, we tested the prediction that internals would be more successful judges than would externals only when a vigilant strategy was not emphasized in the task instructions In keeping with the first prediction, judges who used the vigilant strategy of circling what they thought to be clues did significantly better on the judgment task and on a post‐judgment clue awareness task However, the results provided no support for the predicted interaction of instructions and locus of control These null findings emerged in a conceptual replication using a different version of the judgment task and a different form of cue explication In both studies, externals did significantly better than did internals on the clue awareness task Finally, a supplementary study tested whether good‐ and poor‐vigilant judges processed different clues in the judgment task Analyses of the clues circled while making judgments revealed that, relative to poor judges, good judges more often selected the most important clue in the task, and the discrepancy between good and poor judges increased over trials of the task Together with previous studies, the results provide strong support for conceptualizing the judgment task in terms of Scheibe's concept of

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is proposed that shyness both induces and is induced by the perception of the environment This study of person‐situation transaction used photographic images taken by shy and less shy subjects in response to the question, “Who are you?” A content analysis of the photographs showed that shy persons were less person‐oriented, more aesthetically oriented, and showed a reduced range of orientations when compared to less shy persons The hierarchy of orientations for shy persons was aesthetic, people, self, and school, whereas for less shy persons it was people, self, aesthetic, and other persons Thus, the difference between shy and less shy persons is in the pattern of orientations rather than in orientations in and of themselves Moreover, one single difference between the groups, such as the lesser orientation toward people, does not justify the interpretation of shyness as a “peop

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY