摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo studies examined the impact of public self‐consciousness (PSC) and the audience's characteristics on withdrawal from embarrassing situations In Study 1 subjects verbally responded to a series of hypothetical events of an embarrassing nature before audiences described as either strangers or friends Subjects high in PSC expressed similar tendencies to withdraw no matter who the audience was, whereas low PSC subjects reported that they were less likely to withdraw when the audience was composed of friends as compared to strangers Study 2 had high and low PSC subjects perform an embarrassing act in front of either a friend or two types of strangers–those they either would or would not interact with in the future Low PSC subjects withdrew sooner from an audience of strangers they would have to interact with than from either an audience of friends or strangers they would never see again Again, high PSC subjects responded similarly to the three audiences They tended to withdraw quickly no matter who the audience was Discussion focuses on the role situational and dispositional factors play in withdrawal from embarrassing situat

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe predicted that socially anxious people who are faced with the prospect of an interpersonal evaluation will act in an inhibited and withdrawn way Subjects who scored low or high on a measure of social anxiety told four stories about themselves to an interviewer In the anticipated‐evaluation condition, the subjects learned that after they had told their stories, the interviewer would tell them her impressions of them In the control condition, no mention was made of an evaluation Judges rated transcripts of the stories As predicted, socially anxious subjects who thought they were going to be evaluated (relative to anxious subjects in the control condition and nonanxious subjects in both conditions) told shorter stories, and the events in their stories were commonplace rather than unique Their stories were also less revealing about them as individuals, and less vivid Contrary to a second prediction, socially anxious subjects who expected to be evaluated did not act any less inhibited or withdrawn when their interviewers were described as very trusting than when they were described as very wary Implications are discuss

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present article investigates whether there are motivational underpinnings for individual differences in level of private self‐consciousness The findings provide preliminary evidence that there are underlying motivational components of need for self‐knowledge and need for self‐defense In the first two studies, high private self‐conscious individuals (PRSCs) reported placing a higher value on accurate self‐knowledge than did low PRSCs (Study 2), and acted according to that value (Study 1) In Study 3, the pattern of results supported the view that low PRSCs may have a desire to avoid unpleasant self‐knowledge Our tentative conclusion is that high PRSCs may have a need for self‐knowledge that is stronger than their need to protect their self‐esteem, whereas low PRSCs may have a need for self‐defense that outweighs self‐knowledge needs Implications of these findings both for other approaches to self‐consciousness and for a better understanding of the etiology of self‐con

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe multitrait‐multimethod (MTMM) design is frequently used to test construct validity and is particularly appropriate for evaluating multidimensional instruments in personality research Despite its popularity there are important problems with both the traditional and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approaches to MTMM data In previous research (1989a, 1989b) I described a new CFA approach that I claimed to be relatively immune to many of these problems This approach is applied here to test the construct validity of preadolescent responses to three multidimensional self‐concept instruments The substantive contribution of the present investigation is to demonstrate good support for the construct validity of two of the three instruments The methodological contributions are to further substantiate my claims about the new CFA approaches and to demonstrate this approach in a substantively meaningful context that has broad applicability to other personality rese

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article examines the structure of personal commitments across several dimensions ot commitment experience and across multiple samples In Sample 1, one hundred ninety‐seven subjects rated 41 commitment items along the dimensions of importance, expectancy to achieve, effort, and distress, in Sample 2, two hundred five subjects rated the same items along the dimensions of importance, current commitment, and visibility Principal components analyses produced six component solutions within each of the rating dimensions Using a multitrait‐multimethod format, comparisons of the component solutions suggested that the six components (a) represented independent groupings within each solution and (b) remained consistent across the different dimensions of commitment experience The six components of commitment were identified as Affiliation, Power/Achievement, Personal Growth, Altruism, Stress Avoidance, and Sensation‐S

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this study we sought to determine whether mild depressives and nondepressives could respond adaptively and self‐correct their judgments of contingency when it was clearly advantageous to do so Ninety‐six undergraduates were given four contingency‐learning tasks involving pressing or not pressing a key to turn on a light and to judge the degree of control their responses had over light onset On the first task, which included a monetary contingency only on light onset, mild depressives were relatively accurate in their judgments of control Tasks 2 through 4, which also included a monetary contingency and feedback on accuracy of judgment of control, showed a Mood x Task interaction Mild depressives, but not nondepressives, became more accurate, and by the last task, mild depressives were more accurate than nondepressives Results were discussed in terms of incentive, feedback, and task ex

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY