摘要:

AbstractIn order to outline a model of identity crisis, it is necessary to distinguish two types In an identity deficit (“motivation crisis”), the individual experiences a lack of guiding commitments but struggles to establish personal goals and values In an identity conflict (“legitimation crisis”), the person has several commitments which prescribe conflicting behavioral imperatives in some situations, such that at least one commitment may have to be betrayed The literature on identity crisis is reviewed in connection with this distinction, and an attempt is made to delineate the causes, the subjective experiences, behavioral consequences and modes of resolution of each type o

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present experiment explored the effect of self‐focused attention and self‐esteem on self‐reported state depression Subjects completed a self‐esteem scale before taking part in an exercise designed to induce either strong feelings of temporary depression (strong condition) or very mild feelings of temporary depression (weak condition) Before rating their mood, subjects waited for a short period either in the presence or absence of a mirror A significant Depression Manipulation × Mirror‐No Mirror interaction effect emerged Subjects who waited in the presence of the mirror reported feeling more depressed in the strong condition and less depressed in the weak condition, relative to those who waited in the absence of the mirror Moreover, this interaction effect was mainly attributable to the low self‐esteem participants, rather than to the medium or high self‐esteem individuals Theoretical implications of these finding

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study explored the relationships among dispositional self‐consciousness, situationally induced‐states of self‐awareness, ego‐involvement, and intrinsic motivation Cognitive evaluation theory, as applied to both the interpersonal and intrapersonal spheres, was used as the basis for making predictions about the effects of various types of self‐focus Public self‐consciousness, social anxiety, video surveillance and mirror manipulations of self‐awareness, and induced ego‐involvement were predicted and found to have negative effects on intrinsic motivation since all were hypothesized to involve controlling forms of regulation In contrast, dispositional private self‐consciousness and a no‐self‐focus condition were both found to be unrelated to intrinsic motivation The relationship among these constructs and manipulations was discussed in the context of both Carver and Scheier's (1981) control theory and Deci and Ryan's (1

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model is proposed in which the goal of people with high self‐esteem is to cultivate personal strengths in order to excel, whereas the goal of people with low self‐esteem is to remedy personal deficiencies in order to become adequate In two experiments, subjects received initial outcome feedback of either success, humiliating failure (internal attribution), or failure that allowed face‐saving (external attribution) Experiment 1 then measured subjects intrinsic motivation to pursue the task during free‐choice time Subjects with high self‐esteem had the highest intrinsic motivation after success Subjects with low self‐esteem had the highest intrinsic motivation after the humiliating failure Experiment 2 required a second performance on a similar task Performance results were consistent with the intrinsic motivation results of Experiment 1, with one exception High self‐esteem subjects were sensitive to the different failure treatments, performing well after humiliation but poorly after face‐saving Subjects with low self‐esteem performed the same in both failure conditions The relation of the present model and results to previous

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to assess the relationship between dispositional proneness to experience romantic jealousy and perceptions of jealousy in others On the basis of cognitive and motivational constructs, it was hypothesized that (1) Persons high in proneness to jealousy perceive healthy jealous couples as more in love than healthy nonjealous couples, (2) persons high in proneness to jealousy perceive unhealthy jealous couples as less in love than unhealthy nonjealous couples, and (3) persons low in proneness to jealousy perceive healthy jealous couples as less in love than healthy nonjealous couples The latter two hypotheses were supported Results were discussed with regard to the roles of beliefs about jealousy and threats to the perceiver in individuals reactions to jealousy in others

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn approach to investigating individual differences in the cognition of situations is presented Situations are characterized in terms of Gibson s notion of affordances, and it is suggested that individuals differ in the extent to which they differentially process information specifying certain types of affordances rather than others This differential cognitive processing of a situational affordance is termed a “processing bias” It is proposed that processing biases are manifest in an individual's anticipation, perception, and memory of situations To illustrate the approach, a processing bias for social vs nonsocial affordances is investigated within and among these three cognitive domains The relationship of this processing bias to two facets of the personality trait dimension of sociability—overall level and self‐schemata—is also examined Such research on processing biases may help to clarify the role of cognition in person‐situation interactions The greatest strength of the approach is that its characterization of individual differences in cognition and behavior is complementary to a general approach to describing human

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the value of personality and background variables (e g, emotional responsivity, anxiety, parental memories, art training) as predictors of painting preferences One set of 24 paintings was selected, holding theme (sexual or aggressive) constant while contrasting Idealized (12) with Expressionist (12) styles Another set contrasted paintings on the Representational vs Abstract (12) and Linear vs Painterly (12) stylistic dimensions Contrasting pairs of paintings were presented to 48 subjects who rated preference under two instructional sets (objective interest and subjective pleasing) Questionnaire measures of personality and background were entered into step‐wise multiple regression analyses, one for each type of preference and each stimulus contrast (8 altogether) Affective characteristics of the viewer (e g, anxiety, emotional responsivity) and parental memories (e g, of maternal affection or expressivity) predicted subjective preference For example, subjects who remembered their mothers as either expressive or affectionate preferred Idealized versions of sexual and aggressive paintings Artistic training and background emerged only in relation to objective preferenc

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY