摘要:

SummaryThe stability of the factor structure of mood was examined under two different experimental conditions, sleep deprivation and normal wakefulness In the first phase of the study, two different forms of a mood scale were administered to several college classes, and the ratings for each scale were intercorrelated and factored Eight interpretable factors emerged from each analysis, and the two sets of factors were highly congruent.In the second phase of the study subjects completed the mood ratings after staying awake all night or after getting a good night's rest Comparisons between the means for the two groups showed significant differences on 26 of the 44 variables included in the scale The scores for the sleep‐deprived group were then intercorrelated and factored, and the factor structure was compared with the relevant factor structure obtained in the first phase of the study The results of the comparison showed that six of the eight factors appeared under both conditions of sleep deprivation and normal wakefulness Additional analysis indicated that a seventh factor appeared, but in the guise of different variables The only factor which failed to appear under sleep deprivation waselation.It was concluded that although variable ratings showed high sensitivity to the experimental operations, the basic structure of the underlying mood states remained remarkably stable The results indicate that the search for a list of basic mood states may be quite fruitful An important methodological implication was that a variable may be selected to measure a mood under various experimental operations with the assurance that the nature of the mood to be measured does not change as a result of those operatio

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe present study examined the effects of emotionally toned (angry or pleasant) incidental stimuli upon fantasy production Subjects told more aggressive TAT stories when highly aggressive passages from a play were audible from the next room (at a volume and fidelity which made it difficult to follow the verbal message) than they did when no such stimulus was playing No increase in aggression was noted in the presence of a pleasantly toned stimulus Individual differences in responsiveness to the incidental stimulus were related to other measures of influence by incidental stimuli, and little individual consistency was evident It was suggested that the concept of a general trait of responsiveness to incidental stimulation may be too global, and that consistencies may be limited to particular response modes, types of stimuli, and orientations to the situation.

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEighty male undergraduates read a supposedly true interaction between two workers in a business firm, in which A made a request of B The status of B relative to A, the legitimacy of the request, and compliance versus noncompliance by B were varied It was found (a) that compliers to legitimate requests and noncompliers to illegitimate requests were liked better than noncompliers to legitimate requests or compliers to illegitimate requests, (b) that noncompliers were seen as more internally controlled than were compliers, and (c) that individuals may respond to an atypical situation by imposing upon it a consistent internal structure Status had little effect The data were regarded as clarifying a previous experiment by Ring (1964) as well as suggesting further research

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryResults of previous research dealing with the effect of differential monetary reinforcement (for the composition of a counterattitudinal essay) upon attitude change have been contradictory Cohen (1962), for example, discovered a negative relationship between reinforcement and attitude change, results consistent with dissonance theory expectations, Rosenberg (1965) explained these findings in terms of evaluation apprehension and, eliminating this factor through the spatial and temporal separation of the conflict‐induction, attitude‐measurement sections of his experiment, obtained a positive relationship In the present study, an attempt was made to integrate these findings through the systematic variation of the time lag between conflict arousal and attitude measurement, a variable on which the Cohen and Rosenberg studies differed Consistent with the hypothesis, the present research disclosed a dissonance effect (p<03) in the immediate measurement condition and a reinforcement effect (p<002) with delayed attitude measurement. These results were employed in a discussion of the complex nature of human conceptual functio

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAll‐male and all‐female groups discussed a case history and provided a statement of their analysis of the case The relationship between leadership style, as measured by Fiedler's Least Preferred Co‐worker (LPC) instrument, and task effectiveness (quality of the statement) was investigated for both the top task contributor and the best‐liked member of the group LPC of the top task contributor did not relate to task effectiveness. In the role‐differentiated groups, LPC of the best‐liked member related positively to task effectiveness in the male groups (p<.05) and negatively in the female groups (p<.01) For the male groups, questionnaire data were consistent with the interpretation that the relationship between LPC of the best‐liked member and task effectiveness was mediated by the ability of the high‐LPC best‐liked member to reduce interpersonal tension that interfered with task effectiveness. LPC of die best‐liked member of the female groups was related to intermember attraction LPC did not affe

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe relationship between attitudes toward the Vietnam war and willingness to sign a strongly worded and publicized antiwar resolution was studied in a random sample of 131 male college seniors at a selective liberal arts college. Level of opposition to the war did not fully explain why many strongly antiwar subjects did not sign the resolution. With level of opposition to the war held constant, personality measures and other attitudes differentiated between signers and nonsigners It is hypothesized that the disposition to act publicly in support of private attitudes is a separate variable, which may be independent of the content and intensity of attitudes Studies of “activism” should distinguish more sharply between private attitudes and public acti

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was used to test the influence of amount of group variance, direction of advocated shift, and judgmental instruction sets on conforming responses The hypothesis predicted an interaction where conformity was maximized, with less variance under empirical validation instructions and with more variance under social validation instructionsSubjects were preselected for neutral opinions on three items, which were subsequently used as experimental items Social influence was induced by making the responses of four other subjects available on each trial These responses were dispersed with either greater or lesser amounts of variance and either agreed or disagreed with the statement Instructions indicating that expert evaluation was available provided empirical validation instructions, while alternate instructions indicating lack of standardized norms provided social validation instructionsSubjects changed opinions significantly more when the group advocated agreement than when it advocated disagreement on the issue The major hypothesis was partially supported by the data Responses on a postexperimental item indicated preferences for less variance under empirical instructions sets but preference for greater variance under social instructions sets The conformity results suggested that the predicted interaction may occur only if the situational context is favorable, as when the group advocates agreement on an iss

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe “arousal‐control” hypothesis of aesthetic representation states that the greater the arousal value of an object, the greater the degree of disguise required before a representation of the object can be called aesthetic Four studies were conducted to find the personality correlates of subjects who by their behavior support the hypothesis A strong experimenter effect was discovered in two male‐run studies, supporters of the hypothesis were sensitizers, while in the two female‐run studies, supporters were repressors Evidence suggests that the differences may be attributed to the degree of homosexual anxiety evoked in th

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySubjects evaluated three stimulus persons on several rating scales who were either 10%, 50%, or 90% similar to themselves in attitudes Subjects were divided into low, moderate, and high self‐esteem groups on the basis of an earlierQsort The results showed a strong positive relation between perceived similarity and positive attribution for each of the dependent variables, including liking, sophisticated, intelligent, sincere, happy, and a social distance scale A negative relation was obtained for two undesirable traits, arrogant and cynicalSelf‐esteem interacted with similarity on several of the measures The difference between self‐esteem groups was largely restricted to highly dissimilar stimulus persons Moderate esteem subjects were more favorable toward dissimilar persons than either of the other two groups, and the high and low groups tended to resemble each other more than either group resembled the moderate esteem group These results were discussed in terms of the relation between self‐esteem and adjustment, and in terms of McGuire's (1968) theory that predicts a nonmonotonic relation between self‐esteem and

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1970.tb00031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY