摘要:

This study examines the phenomenon of contraceptive risk-taking, which is the non-use of contraception by women who are sexually active, fertile and not pregnant or trying to become pregnant. Based on a survey sample of low-income women in their childbearing years who had not received family planning care or advice from a doctor or clinic for at least three years, the study analyzed demographic predictors of contraceptive risk-taking, and also compared levels of contraceptive knowledge and pregnancy histories of noncontraceptors versus barrier method contraceptors. Contraceptive risk-taking was found to be higher for minority women, for parous women, for those age 30 and younger and for those whose knowledge of the fertility cycle is incorrect, but was found to be only weakly related to the women's marital status. Noncontraceptors were less knowledgeable concerning contraceptive methods and substantially more likely to have had previous unwanted pregnancies due to non-use of&ntraception, suggesting that current contraceptive risk-taking probably represents a relatively enduring feature of reproductive behavior for a subgroup of the medically-underserved low-income population.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Inappropriate intervention and inequitable access are well known, but inadequately understood, issues in US perinatal care. Both are related to the structure of the perinatal system; this paper focuses on their connection with levels of care. Professional and regulatory policies and reform efforts (in conjunction with market forces) have shared a svstem of levels differentiated according to specialist 'and technblogich capacity. Expansion of "higher" levels has contributed to their excessive su~olv and discriminatow use. The concept of risk offers a justification for levels of care, but it also reflects the structure of levels. In order to address inappropriate intensity and stratified access, we must not just redefine concepts, we must also restructure levels of perinatal care.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Routine gynecological care is important for the maintenance of good health and integral to early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and cancer. Research indicates that both patients and clinicians find this examination anxiety provoking and, therefore, may fail to comply with optimal guidelines for routine care. Gaining techniques, effective for attenuating providers' and patients' anxiety, are reviewed. 'Ihese include medical school programs for providers and seminars on women's health designed for lay people. In addition to providing training when there are fewer immediate stressors, methods for reducing anxiety may be employed proximate to exams. Providing informative, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral techniques, emphasizing greater patient control, may be useful in decreasing anxiety associated with pelvic examinations. These latter techniques may be incorporated into providers' protocol for routine pelvic examinations and thereby may serve to enhance compliance for routine gynecological care.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cigarette smoking is the major addiction of women, the leading cause of women's death. and maternal smoking has substantial negative health effects on children. The majority of smokers quit on their own, but women are more likely than men to seek help, and some prefer women-only programs. Multicomponent programs combining cessation techniques with counselling, skills training, and emotional support show the highest quit rates. In this clinical study of a multicornponent, eight week cessation program for women, sixty-two percent completed the program and stopped smoking. Over half of these were abstinent slx months later, which compares favorably with other women'sady programs in Canada. Based on the literature, we hypothesized that factors related to personal health status, family drug history, current lifestyle and social environment would be the best predictors of program outcome: dropping out of the program, completing the program and quitting smoking, and being abstinent at six months. Over 400 measures of personal and family history, health status, health behavior and social environment were gathered. A multiple regression model using four variables with additive variance and stable parameters explained 48% of the variance in program outcome. These were client's history of asthma, smoking status of the mother when the client was a child, weekly consumption of chocolate and candy, and the number of children the client had. These results identify issues that need to be taken into account when assisting women to quit smoking.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms among Korean-American immigrant women in New York. A sample of 262 women behveen the ages of 35 and 55 who had resided in the U.S. for 10 years or less completed a survey instrument including measures of depression, acculturative stress, utilization of social sumort. self-esteem. and socioeconomic status. Depressive symptoms were related positively to acculturative stress and negatively to selfesteem and socio-economic status explained significant proportions of variability in depression. Findings suggest a need to implement policies aimed at mitigating the acculturative stresses associated with immigration.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_08

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v21n01_09

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor