摘要:

Sixth grade girls (N = 224) were queried about their preparation for and expectations about menarche, their parents' roles in preparation, and their understanding of the biological basis of menstruation, characteristics of the menstrual cycle, menstrual hygiene, and menstrual-related physical and psychological changes. Although girls viewed themselves as prepared for menarche, and claimed they had discussed it with their mothers, their explanations of menstruation reflected at best incomplete howledge, and more typically a variety of misconceptions or ignorance. In attempting to explain menstruation, they tended to focus on one particular element of the process (e.g., eggs or blood or the uterus), and were not able to integrate the elements into a comprehensive whole. Girls' howledge of the location and function of reproductive structures was faulty, and most did not understand how they were interrelated. Girls associated a variety of negative physical and psychological changes with menstruation, indicating that although they had not yet learned the biology of menstruation, they already had learned and intemalized the cultural stereotypes and myths about menstrual symptomatology. In view of reports of high levels of sexual activity, often at very young ages, and without protection, and the high risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases, the failure to adequately educate girls about their own anatomy and physiology has serious implications.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v22n04_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to model psychological distress and physical complaints among 106 working mothers experiencing chronic stressors. Moderator variables included parental and occupational role value and commitment as measured by the Life Role Salience Scales. Both concurrent and prospective relationships were examined by means of a two-wave longitudinal design. A specific vulnerability model was tested by aggregating stressors according to role domains and matching stress variables to role salience variables. The psychological salience of social role occupation was hypothesized to intensify the impact of role-related stressors. Multiple regression analyses partially supported a swcific vulnerability model. Parental role commitment and ocupational role value significantly interacted with corresponding role-related stressors in predicting prospective health outcomes.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v22n04_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

(1) Do the alcohol expectancies of women sign&cantly differ based on their personal consumption andlor on their perceptions of parental alcohol abuse? (2) What is the relationship between perceived parental problem drinking and current expectancies about alcohol consumption? Subjects were 238 female college students, aged 18 to 52 years. Subjects completed the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire and rated the quantity and frequency of their current alcohol consumption. A 2 X 3 MANOVA revealed a significant main effect of personal consumption on all six alcohol expectancy domains. The more a woman drinks, the higher her expectancies, particularly for Increased Physical and Social Pleasure. A family history of parental alcohol abuse in general did not result in differences in personal consumption or in alcohol expectancies. However, women who felt personally responsible for their parents' alcohol abuse consistently reported higher Global Positive alcohol expectancies. The implications of these findings for the prevention and treatment of alcoholism in women are discussed

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v22n04_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bulimia nervosa is a psychological compulsive eating disorder that appears to be affecting a growing number of young women. It is characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by vomiting or some other purging behavior. Bulimia is accompanied by a number of physiological disturbances, some of which occur in the oral cavity. The present article reviews the major characteristics of bulimia nervosa, and describes the most significant oral manifestations of this disorder along with their reported incidences and etiologies.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v22n04_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a report of a phenomenological study of Colombia's "por dia" domestic workers that examined their actions in promoting their health, in preventing illnesses, and in caring for themselves. A cross sectional sample of 60 per diem female domestic workers in one large city in Colombia were interviewed using open-ended interview questions about their health, self-care actions, health care resources, and patterns of utilization. We argue that knowledge of women's experiences with the health care system, their knowledge of their bodies, and the daily demands on their time and life are vital in defining and planning health care services that women need. We demonstrated that the structural conditions in and for health care services and the lack of knowledge of their bodies act as barriers to women's utilization of health care services and to maintaining their health. Our findings support the need for considering women's health from a development perspective and for offering more integrated and cohesive health care services for women.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v22n04_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor